Download Biology Vocabulary 8, test on Thursday, 1/19/17

Biology Vocabulary 8, test on Thursday, 1/19/17
autosome - chromosome that is not a sex chromosome
codominance - complex inheritance pattern that occurs when neither allele is dominant and both alleles are expressed
codon
double helix
gene regulation
inbreeding
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incomplete dominance karyotype messenger RNA multiple alleles mutagen mutation nondisjunction polygenic trait ribosomal RNA
RNA
RNA polymerase
selective breeding
semiconservative
replication
sex chromosome
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sex-linked trait telomere
transcription
transfer RNA
translation
DNA polymerase
epistasis
exon
intron
nucleosome
Okazaki fragment
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operon -
three-base code in DNA or RNA
twisted-ladder shape of DNA, formed by two nucleotide strands twisted around each other
ability of an organism to control which genes are transcribed in response to the environment
selective breeding of closely related organisms to produce desired traits and eliminate undesired traits,
resulting in pure lines; however, harmful recessive traits can also be passed on
complex inheritance pattern in which the heterozygous phenotype is intermediate between those of the
two homozygous parent organisms
micrograph in which the pairs of homologous chromosomes are arranged in decreasing size
type of RNA that carries genetic information from DNA in the nucleus to direct protein synthesis in the
cytoplasm
having more than two alleles that code for a specific trait
substance or situation, such as a chemical or exposure to radiation, that causes mutations
permanent change in a cell's DNA, ranging from changes in a single base pair to deletions of large
sections of chromosomes
cell division in which the sister chromatids do not separate correctly, resulting in gametes with an
abnormal number of chromosomes
characteristic, such as eye color or skin color, that results from the interaction of multiple gene pairs
type of RNA that associates with proteins to form ribosomes
ribonucleic acid; guides protein synthesis
enzyme that regulates RNA synthesis
directed breeding to produce plants and animals with desired traits
method of DNA replication in which parental strands separate, act as templates, and produce molecules
of DNA with one parental DNA strand and one new DNA strand
X or Y chromosome; paired sex chromosomes determine an individual's gender; in humans, XX
individuals are female and XY individuals are male
characteristic, such as red-green color blindness, controlled by genes on the X chromosome; also called
an X-linked trait
protective cap made of DNA that is found on the ends of a chromosome
process in which mRNA is synthesized from the template DNA
type of RNA that transports amino acids to the ribosome
process in which mRNA attaches to the ribosome and a protein is assembled
enzyme that catalyzes synthesis of new DNA molecules
interaction between alleles in which one allele hides the effects of another allele
in RNA processing, the coding sequence that remains in the final mRNA
in RNA processing, the intervening coding sequence missing from the final mRNA
repeating subunit of chromatin fibers, consisting of DNA coiled around histones
short segment of DNA synthesized discontinuously in small segments in the 3' to 5' direction by DNA
polymerase
section of DNA containing genes for proteins required for a specific metabolic pathway; consists of an
operator, promoter, regulatory gene and genes coding for proteins