Download Final Review Sheet Bio2014

Name ____________________________________________________________ Period ______
Final Exam Study Guide
Chapter 6-1 Chromosomes
1. What is the structure of chromosomes(what are they made of and what is on them)? How
many do we have? When are they copied?____________________________________________
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2. What is an autosome and how many pairs do we have? ______________________________
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3. What are sex chromosomes and how many pairs do we have? _________________________
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4. What are the sex chromosomes of a female? __________ Of a male? ___________
5. What is a gamete? ________________________________________________________
What are they called in females? _______________ In males? _________________
6. What do the terms haploid and diploid mean? What symbol do we use to represent each? ___
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7. What is a karyotype and how can it be used to determine if someone has Down syndrome?
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Chapter 3: Cell Structure
8. Differentiate between a prokaryote and a eukaryote. Give an example of each.
Prokaryote
Eukaryote
1.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Ex:
2.
3.
4.
5.
Ex:
9. Know the following cell parts and their functions: YOU MUST BE ABLE TO ID PARTS!
a. cell membrane: ____________________________________________________________
b. nucleus: _________________________________________________________________
c. vacuole: _________________________________________________________________
d. chloroplast: _______________________________________________________________
e. cytoplasm: _______________________________________________________________
f. DNA: ___________________________________________________________________
g. ribosomes: _______________________________________________________________
h. mitochondria: ____________________________________________________________
i. cell wall: _________________________________________________________________
Chapter 6: Section 2 the Cell Cycle and Section 3 Mitosis and Cytokinesis
10. What are the 5 stages of the cell cycle? List them in order and briefly describe what happens
in each stage. _______________________________________________________________
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11. What are the 4 phases of mitosis? List them in order and briefly describe what happens in
each stage. What is the result of mitosis?
KNOW THE PICTURES OF THE STAGES!!
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Chapter 7 Meiosis
12. Compare mitosis and meiosis.
HUMAN
Number of chromosomes present
Number of divisions
Number of cells produced
Cells produced:
same as parent cell or unique
Cells produced: diploid or haploid
Mitosis
13. What is nondisjunction and what is the result of it?
Meiosis
Chapter 4: Cells and Their Environment
14. What is diffusion? What is osmosis? Give examples of each type of transport. ____________
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15. How do passive and active transport differ? Give examples of each type of transport. ____
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*Be sure to review your cell membrane coloring worksheet and the types of membrane
proteins and their functions.
Chapter 5: Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration
16. What is ATP? _______________________________________________________________
Where does ATP store its energy?_______________________________________________
What organelle produces it? ___________________________________________________
17. What is photosynthesis? _______________________________________________________
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Where does it take place? _____________________________________________________
What is the principal pigment? _________________________________________________
What are the reactants? _______________________________________________________
What are the end products of photosynthesis? _____________________________________
Briefly describe the 3 stages. ___________________________________________________
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18. What is cellular respiration? ___________________________________________________
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Where does it take place? _____________________________________________________
What are the reactants? _______________________________________________________
What are the products? _______________________________________________________
19. What is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration? Which produces more
energy in the form of ATP? ____________________________________________________
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20. Briefly describe the stages of aerobic respiration. ___________________________________
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21. What is another name for anaerobic respiration? ___________________________________
What are the two types of anaerobic respiration? In which types of organisms do they occur?
What are the end products of each? ______________________________________________
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**See Ch. 5 pretest for examples of graphs of photosynthesis and cellular respiration to know.
Chapter 2: Chemistry of Life
22. What are the parts of an atom, where are each of the parts found and what charge do each of
the parts have? ______________________________________________________________
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23. Differentiate between a covalent bond and an ionic bond. ____________________________
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24. Define molecule and polar molecule. Give an example of each. ________________________
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25. What is an acid and what is a base? What values on the pH scale determine whether a
substance is an acid, a base or neutral? ___________________________________________
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26. Complete the chart below identifying the 4 macromolecules, their building blocks, polymers
and the function they play in living organisms.
Macromolecules
Monomers
(Molecules that
make up the
macromolecule)
Polymers
(Examples of the
different types of
macromolecules)
Functions
(Roles of the macromolecules in a living
organism)
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic Acids
27. What is the difference between a catalyst and an enzyme? What do they do? _____________
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What conditions affect enzyme activity?__________________________________________
28. In what form do we (animals) store glucose in the body? _____________________________
Complete the following short answer questions.
1. Choose one of the 4 organic compounds or macromolecules (carbohydrates, lipids,
proteins & nucleic acids). Write down your choice here.
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2. Now tell me what the building blocks are that make up the one you chose.
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What purposes or functions does this organic compound serve in the cell and / or
body?
Give specific example(s) of some of the polymers or larger compounds that are
built from these building blocks.
2. What role do enzymes play in metabolism in your body?
3. How is the sex determined in a new zygote?