Download Section 13-1 Ghanging the Living World

Date
Class
Name
Date
lncreaslng Varlatlon
Section 13-1 Ghanging the Living World
wild?
(pages 3r9-32r)
G
(pages 320-321)
10. Why are biologists interested in preserving the diversity of plants and animals in the
ruy Concepts
.
.
What is the purpose of selective breeding?
VVhy
11, Is the following sentence true 0r false? The genetic variation that exi$s in nature is
might breeders try to induce mutations?
enough to satisfy the needs of breeders.
Selectlve Breedlng
1. V/hat
(paser 3le-32o)
12. Breeders can increase the genetic variation by inducing
are the
is meant by selective breeding?
which
ultimate source of genetic variability.
13. Circle the letter of an inheritable change in DNA.
a.
variation
b.
trait
c.
mutation
d, genotype
14. Is the following sentence true or false? Mutations cannot occur spontaneously
2. Circle the letter of each organism that has been produced by selective breeding.
c. cats
d. potatoes
b. dogs
a. horses
3.
Who was Luther Burbank?
15. Name two methods used by breeders to increase the rate of mutation.
4.
Complete the table describing the types of selective breeding.
16. Is it easy for breeders to produce mutants with desirable mutations? Explain.
SELECTIVE BREEDING
Descrlptlon
Type
Examples
17. Why are radiation and chemicals useful techniques for producing mutant bacteria?
Crossing dissimilar individuals to bring
togeth€r lhe best ol both organlsms
The conlinued breeding ol individuals
with similar characteristics
18. Is the following sentence true or false? Scientists have produced bacteria that can
5. Is the
following sentence true or false? Hybrids
are often hardier than either of the
digest oil.
parents.
6. \AIhal
19. What technique do scientists use to produce mutant plants?
two plant traits did Luther Burbank try to combine in his crosses?
a,
b.
7.
Is the
Circle the letter of each sentence that is true about polyploidy.
following sentence true or false?
To maintain the desired characteristics of a Iine
organisms, breeders often use hybridization.
8.
Most members of a breed are genetically
9. \Atrhat are the risks of inbreeding?
N
of
a. Polyploid plants have many
sets of chromosomes.
b. Polyploidy is usually fatal in animals.
c. Polyploidy
produces new species of plants that are weaker and smaller than their
diploid relatives.
d. Bananas and some citrus fruits are polyploid.
Date
Selectlve Breedlng
ln selective breeding a person decides which traits he or she
would like an animal to have. Thebreeder then chooses a male
and female animal that have those traits and breeds them. The
breeder expects that they will have offspring with the same traits.
lfu.!:tfu tle yaryts l brceder would sclect in order to breeil offspring
f,evlewlng Kcy Conceptr
the lines prwilled, complete tlu fo.llotoing wttenccs using
lhese terms: mutations, generation, organisms, selective breeding genetic
Completion On
with the traits listeil.
variatiory traits, ard genetic variability.
In the process of
,@ @
animals.are bred to produce
Female Rabbltr
1.
of
in the next
3.
such as dogs and horses.
4.
in
Breeders can increase the
,G#'
populution Uy
which are the source of
inducing
Revlewlng
u
,@
Ke,y Skllls
8. Applying Concepte How can hybridization be used to produce
plants with characteristics needed to increase food production?
4dillOffsprlng Traltc
Comparing and Contrasting Describe a benefit and
inbreeding.
a
black fur, floppy ears
drawback of
Male Rabblts
@
d
f*
Parentr
3and5
whlte fur, short ears
black fur, short ears
white fur, floppy ears
Inferring Explain why offspring of plants
exposed to radiation may
have characteristics not found in the original population.
Use the diagrarns and table to ansunr the question. Circle the
correct angusr.
1.
A breeder breeds rabbits 2 and 8. What trait is the breeder most
likely interested in?
black
oq
\)
fur
short ears
a. An electric voltage applied to the gel separates the DNA fragments.
Name
Class
Section 13-2 Manipulating DNA
G
.
Date
b. DNA molecules are positively charged.
c. Gel electrophoresis
(pases t22-326)
6"tConcept
How do scientists make changes to DNA?
The Tools of Molecular
is used to compare the genomes of
different organisms.
d. Gel electrophoresis can be used to locate and identify one particular gene in
an individual's genome.
Uslng the DNA Sequence
@ascs 323-326)
10. Complete the concept map to show how researchers use the DNA sequence of an
organism.
Blologl g.e"' 322-323)
1. What is genetic engineering?
2. Is the following sentence true or
false?
Making changes to the DNA code is similar to
enables researchers to
changing the code of a computer program.
3. Scientists
I
use their knowledge of the
of DNA and its
properties to study and change DNA molecules.
List four steps that molecular biologists use to study and change DNA molecules.
a.
b.
@OO
11. List four "ingredients" added to a test tube to produce tagged DNA fragments that can
be used to read a sequence of DNA.
c.
d.
a.
5. Explain how biologists get DNA out of a cell.
b.
c.
d.
6. Biologists
use
to cut DNA molecules at a specific
sequence of nucleotides to make smaller fragments.
7. Circle the letter of the process by which DNA fragments are separated and analyzed.
a. gel electrophoresis
c. transformation
b. extraction
d. restriction
8. In the diagram beloq label the positive and negative ends of the gel and identify the
location of longer and shorter fragments.
i
What does the reaction in the test tube generate when complementary DNA is made for
reading DNA?
13. Is the
following sentence true or false? The pattern of colored bands on a gel tells the
exact sequence of bases
in DNA.
14. Enzymes that splice DNA together can also be used to )oin
sequences to natural DNA sequences.
DNA
l
15. How is recombinant DNA produced?
1
Power
sourcg
lragments
lragm€nts
16. What is polymerase chain reaction (PCR)?
17. What is the role of the primers in PCR?
-
Circle the letter of the first step in the polymerase chain reaction.
roO
tao
I
cutting DNA
Which of the following best describes how scientists use
gel electrophoresis?
OF
separating DNA
a. The copies become templates to make more copies.
b. The DNA is cooled to allow the primers to bind to the single-stranded DNA.
c. The DNA is heated to separate its fwo strands.
d. DNA polymerase makes copies of the region between the primers.
Class
Date
fcoR I
Revlewlng Key Conceptr
Short Answer On the line prwided, anflrnr the lolluting qurrltions.
l. Describe the process of DNAextraction.
A restriction enzyme cuts DNA at a specific sequencq of
nucleotides. The enzyme EcoR I cuts a DNA strlnd when it
encounters the nucleotide sequence CTTAAG.
Circle the place(s) on the DNAstrands whue EcoR I would recognizn
anil ant tlu DNA. Note: Therc may be more than one nucleotideiequence
'
on' uch DN A stranil . The firct oni lus been done
for you.
2. What is the function of a restriction enzyme?
3. For what purpose is gel electrophoresis used?
Short Answer On tlu linrr prwfuled,Iist the kinds of infunnation llut can fu
found by lenowing the sequence of a DNAmolecule.
4.
5.
5.
Revlewlng l(ey Shlllr
7. Inferring How are fluorescent dyes used to color-code DNA for
DNA sequencing?
Using Analogies The process of producing recombinant DNA
involves isolating a gene hom one organism and inserting it into the
DNA of another organism. Write an analogy that describe this
Process.
to search for a DNA
polymerase enzyme in bacteria living in the hot springs of
Yellowstone National Park?
lnferring What reasoning led Kary Mullis
Use the diagram to ansuter the question- Circle the conect answer.
1..
Applying Concepts Describe how you could produce yeast cells
that make human growth hormone.
oo
\$
What is the term that describes the sequence of DNA
that a restriction enzyme finds and cuts?
recognitionsequence templ'atesequence
n
s,-
Period
f urdp/ f hq4lp r(mty!
D a"tw €r A
naly {w
What exactly is a DNA fingerprint? Well, it certainly isn't an inky impression of a DNA
strarird. Compared to unimagirlably small DNA, a fingerprint is HUGE. So what is it that
we're looking at, and how is o,re of these fingerprints made? The answer lies in the
process of, Gel Electrophoresii;.
Visit the Gbl Electrophoresis li'ik off the assignments page to see how a DNA
fingerrprint is
made.
:
As you work through the virtual lab, answer the following questions.
1. H,rw does the structure of the gel help to separate the DNA strands?
2. Why is an electrical current added and in what direction does the DNA move
(poSitive to negative or negative to positive)?
3. How are the DNA strands organized in the gel after it is run?
4. What makes the "fingerprint" or the dark bands shown in the gel?
5. Draw a picture of the gel after you complete your electrophoresis, make sure to
label the
.
o
.
starting point (where you put the DNA
at the start)
where the smallest & largest DNA
fragments would be found
unknown and known samples
6, The estimates for your DNA band sizes
were:
Band
1
Que.stions;
1. VJhirlh sr-rLrspecie$ u,iis lh{: tur:tl$ itonr Srtrr l)iegO?
:-
3.
Hr.rrr.
do I'ou knorv thi-s?
\triniq fi cq*clusiun iar leasr (i senrcnces.r
tiesrribi'g your t,echniqr,.',,
{huu'. rvh",. ',r.hur
ctc.i__.,,
;;;;;;;
X1.
;1. \\ih.ilr e>:perirn',nr woLtld
1,cru perlirrrn rte\t with rhcse t.urtles,l \\/hilt.the
cr-ruld !Or: Ieirm irLr,out thc
tlitfr:rent
r
r.htrlg$
$Frc;cic$./
Band 2
5.
ltr n'f1ii1 rr,ays
hir,:r
ihis rcchnrqur: trecn
ttsr:,.1 l,rrr
hrrruonl..l
Band 3
'trrrplr'1'p111'7"',rrlrcf
\lr,o n,'\r"i
tr-i
trtt: tutckry''rlris srt,,4r Ia-fl1vp.r.ur.rrrrrg
,t
i*.
Matching Restriaion
Enrymes to Gearage Sites
rrsfrididr
complemcmpry
qt_P[A thA
bcr
r
in
plunid
or pi:er sf
rn
prlindionrcr As r ngrh
yinl DllA
E Ur 6c Atl Ebb bdrn
Action of
restriction enzpe
Show cut in red
Enzyme letter
@-F) see
choices below
DNA Fragment
E (cuts
a
Cleaved fragnents of DNA
@raw two separate Sticky
ends. Color two colors.
6rActlr
{c rG c-
G-G
Leaves 5 bases)
-{ r I ATfftlt ll
.4TTAAC4ATATC-
ililil
--CIATAC'E
Firurc ost
raid
rtssicrioo carr'o* du
dcrt.e,*
DNA F.!:Dcas
Ftdcr.
ur 6r follrh3
dcrrr et ra A-A rir: ed lcru r rtrylc.ruudcd bercr qr 6rh c!4
dcrr-r rt r G-'G ric ud lcercl a ringtc-ruradcd bscr oo c.cb c'd.
Eff!'ltr F clctycr rt r cr-Arhr .od lcrrlr4dDglc.lcu&d brrg qr c..i c!d.
Dnr.'ia dre *rim of crcb GaryDe nEotd in lcnr.
Diegrrn crdr 6:;ancot of DNA g ir ro.rd eppcer iralr.g by 6c propcr rtrrictioo
En4rr'oe D
Eaz.vrnc E
E
!l
cnqrilDc.
E U* dre op r-.
AtnlFis
l. !:: F
DNA
:.
a
crroplc
in
+
teblc rr ur crrnph nd.;uide
poridd
nr€ord 6c DNA lrrc
iE
&
.
d.o nNc o iDursrc r dngL-ruudcd
&rrl*r
cod
of
-qaca.: 6rt mr b:;recot a e tse of ,ird D!.taif 6crc
drar'ia3 b.r.' b tbaca+re rb#i io a.-a-" ,.u.
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rod 3ivr ra c=rlpls
rs7
+cci6c
r
o rtcrs dlc7 dcrrG DltAt
Erpb!'c rrlrlu
?r
RECOMBINA}.IT DNA TECHMQT]E
Label the steps for transforming an ordinary bacteriainto orc
that can produce lnman iffiulln;etytlu,co[stnrct your pryer model:
The numbered spaces coinc{de with thc INSTRUCTION #'st
Step 2.
St€P 2.
lrclrrlurn
tpmtiryottt cO
\
\
Step
.
3c.
?brmld rnd donor DllA irrrtcd
w;1h
)
3pccllk chrvrgr
rhrl
lpodrrhg 'rtkly .ndll
lprcdwltrO'rtltly rndr'l
Step 3d.
' tht dqror tln
t.qucntr h
St€p 3e.
,
?lrnld lntlodutrd lnlo
Sc
fo
Step 3f.
!p0nd OtrA
/\
/\
/\
Cloncr ol ntoalblnrat brcrcrlrnr
s
I
Y
Sufrryork g.n p?oduct bohted
rnd colbcred h btt tfilollrttr
qL
Genetic Technology: RECOMBINANT DNA & BACTERTALTRANSFORMATTON
Refer to the lab, pages 327-328 in your textbook and figures 13-9 and 13-10 for help.
What are the differences between a plasmid and a chromosome?
1.
2.
What is meant by the following terms:
recombinant DNA =
vector =
Using figure 13-9 as a guide complete and diagram the steps for bacterial transformation to have a bacterium make Human
Growth Hormone (hGH). Show the plasmid in BLUE and the human growth hormone in RED.
a. Plasmid is constructed
(or could be
_
from bacterial cell)
b. Gene for hGH extracted from human cell
c.
Restriction Enzyme
used to cut both the
plasmid and human gene
ends.
d. Gene for hGH is spliced (inserted) into the plasmid using the
--
enzyme
creating
_
e. The
DNA now contains plasmid DNA and
the hGH gene. This is inserted into another bacterium.
Now colapurE
PARTS
1,2, & 3 op rHr
Recotutgtr,lRhtr DNA & BncrEntnl TnRrusronuRTtoN LAB AND ANswER THE FoLLowtNG
4.
What
is
the role of the plasmid (use the word vector in your answer)?
5.
What
is
the role of the gene?
6.
Which restriction enzyme did you decide to use to cut out the p53 gene & the plasmid? Why?
7.
what happens to the plasmid when you cut it? How many pieces of
DNA do you have?
What happens to chromosome 17? How many pieces do you get?
Diagram your isolated p53 gene by writing your sticky end sequences and coloring the
rest red.
Diagram your recombinant DNA by writing in the sticky end sequences and coloring the
human gene red and the plasmid DNA blue.
p53 gene O
plasmid)
8.
Do you think the direction that the gene is inserted might be important? Why or why not?
9.
Describe the difference between recombinant and transgenic as described by your book.
10. How might the process of recombinant
DNA and bacterial transformation be applied
to industrial, agricultural or medical
uses?
q3
a. Many plant cells can
Date
.
Class
Section 13-3 Gell Transformation
G
.
.
(paees t27-32et
X"y Concepts
a
be transformed by using a bacterium that will, in nature, insert
tumor-producing plasmid into plant cells.
b. Sometimes plant cells in culture will take up DNA on their own when their cell walls
are removed.
c. It is impossible to inject DNA directly into plant
-
What happens during cell transformation?
How can you tell if
a
transformation experiment has been successful?
Introductlol
gaee 327)
1. What occurs during transformation?
cells.
d. Plant cells that are transformed cannot develop into adult plants.
7. Describe what occurs in
a successful
transformation of cells.
Transformlng Anlmal Cells
@rge r2e)
8. Describe how animal cells can be transformed by directly injecting DNA.
2. Is the following sentence true or false? Griffith's extract of heat-killed bacteria contained
9' Is the following
sentence true or false? The DNA molecules used for transformation of
animal cells do not require marker genes.
DNA fragments.
Transformlng Bacterla 6"9"t
327-328)
10. How is a DNA molecule constructed so that it
3. Complete the flowchart to show the steps in transforming bact€ria.
Foreign DNA is joined to a(an)
circular DNA molecule found naturally in some bacteria.
Recombinant plasmids are mixed with bacterial cells. Some bacterial cells take
in the recombinant DNA bv the Drocess of
will eliminate a particular
11. Is the following sentence true or false? Gene replacement has made it possible to
identify the specific functions of genes in many organisms.
Identifying Processes On
the lines
transformation of bacteria shown here.
tcaRr
r.
prwided,
describe the steps
in the
gcoRl
@m
mrfE-.
Gene lor human
growth hormone
Re-corrrbtlw{b
Gen€ lor,human
growlh
hormone\ \
The culture is treated with a(an)
kills bacteria.
D^/A
Y|
Only cells that have been transformed survive, because only they carry a(an)
t
4. Give two reasons why
a plasmid is useful for
gene?
DNA transfer.
/
a.
I
I
PlarmiJ
-/
'\ 'rh
'tv\+re 4\^ ?r+ed
fksd he.ul hosL
lTlttansfar,d
.\9)\\-Jr | 6ao{e,f;*
containing genelor
Bacreriarcel
human growth hormone
Tr ansformlng Plant Cells
5.
1pages
32&32e)
When researchers transform plant cells using a bacterium that causes plant tumors, how
do researchers prevent plant tumors from forming in the transformed cells?
4.
5.
5.
-$
-C
8.
What happens to the recombinant DNA during a successful cell
transformation?
lb
Reshtchbn
enz?ncailtno+
(and. {he
9. Which of the following is NOT a palindrom
"7
b. kayak c. GATCT
d. "Am, I mad, eh?" Giselle sighed, "Am I, N{a?"
a. GAATTC
CTAGA
CTTAAG
II. Fill in the chart below using the information provided in the table.
DNA Palindrome
DNA Frasnent
Restriction Enzvme
Example:
-GGTACC-CCATGG-
-CTCGGTACCCACTA-GAGCCATGGGTGAT-
Rico5
Stickv Ends
.G
-CCATG
10.
i1
t2.
13.
14.
15.
16.
t7.
18.
GTACCG-
.TTTGAATTCTATAC-
.fuMCTTAAGATATG-TCCCAATTGAGAT-AGGGTTAACTCTA-
-GCCTGATCTTT.
-CGGACTAGAJqA-
Restri cti on Enzyme
Information
:
Eco
Rl
Cleavaee Site
Cleaves between G-A
Rico
5
Cleaves between G-G
Enzyme
Alpha 2
Cleaves between C-A
Gamma'/
Cleaves between G-A
V. Labeling:
Word Bank:
19.
A:
20.
B:
21.
C:
22.
D.
23.
E.
Stickv End Descriotion
Makes a sticky end with
four sinele nucleotides
Makes a sticky end with
four sinele nucleotides
Makes a sticky end with
four sinele nucleotides
Makes a sticky end with
two sinsle nucleotides
Label the following diagram using the word bank provided.
recombinant
DNA
desired
gene
sticky end
"f#:8;*'
+
#*J'
+
#l
0
#
restriction enzytne
plasmid
Name
Class
Revlewlng KeY
Bacterlal Transformatlon
During transformation, plasmids are taken out of bacterial cells'
Plasmids are small circular pieces of bacterial DNA. These plasmids are cut using restriction enzymes. A foreign gene is inserted
into the plasmids. The plasmids, which are now recombinant
DNA, are then inserted into other bacteria cells.
DNA
During
,t.
,
a:cell takes in DNA from
the cell, which then bticomes Part o{the cell's
--------T
l
recombinant DNA
plasmid
r
Use the diagrambelow to answer the questionsbelow on the lines providcd.
Use the wordsbelow to label the diagram.
foreign
ConcePts
using.three of the
completion on the lines proaided, colmplete the following sentence
puoiingrlords: inside,' outside, DNA, RNA' replication' transformation'
ffi'
Wr
transformed bacterium
ffi'
Gene lor human
groMh hormone
human \
hormono \
Gone lor
growlh
Bacterlal
Chromosome
L
Bacterlal
Cell
DNA cut
with
restriction
---
Human Cell
Sticky
I
V
enz'meU
human gene
+,',,,tITm\
Figure 2
+l@)
I
i
26. Interpreting Graphics In Figure 2, what is being transformed?
Lhrmedbacrerium
27.
Applying Concepts Referring to Figure 2, would any stage(s) in this process require
thq use of gel electrophoresis? Explain.
Inferring In Figure
2,
why are both the plasmid and the human gene cut with the same
restriction enzyme?
Answer the question.
1. Why might a scientist insert a gene that codes for a human
growth hormone into bacteria cells?
29. Applying Concepts In Figure 2, of what is the recombinant DNA molecule made?
-$
ttt
30.
Inferring Ilow
do researchers identify transfoimed cells?
G
(f
Clonlng
Class
Date
1prgc333)
9. Whatisaclone?
Section 13-4 Applications of Genetic
Engineering (paser 33r-333)
10. ls the following sentence true or false? For years, many scientisb thought that it was
G
.
11. Complete the senteirces in the diagram below to show the steps in doning a sheep.
x"y
impossible to done bacteria
Concept
How are transgmic organisms useful to human beings?
lntroductlon. 1plge 3n)
l. How do scientists know that plants and animals share the samebasic
mechanisms of
3:Hl.-o\
gene expression?
Th€ egg col ls lus€d wlth a(an)
taken ftom anolher adrlt uslrq
8n el€ctric shock.
Fu..d C.ll
Transgenlc Organlsms
2. What is
(prser 331-333)
a transgenic organism?
ol an egg oell lg removed.
3. Describe how
to makea transgenic organism.
Tho lu6€d cell b€gins lo
normally
4. Genetic engineering has spurred the growth of
a new
industry that is changing the way we interact with the living world.
5. Circle the letter of each sentenc€ that is true about transgenic mioborganisuu.
i.
m
Gloned Lsmb'
ls placsd ln lhe ulorus ol a lostor molhe.,
whsr€ ll d€v€lopc normally.
Tiansgenic bacteria will never produce useful substances for hdalth and industry.
b. Transgenic bacteria produce human proteins cheaply and in great abundancc.
c. People with insulin-dependent diabetes are now treated with ppre human insulin.
12. ls the following sentence true or false? All cloned animals are also transgenic.
d. In'the future, transgenic organismq may produce the raw matuials for plastics.
13. What kinds of mammals have been cloned in recent years?
6. List four ways in which transgenic animals have been used.
a.
b.
c.
Identifying Procecs€s Or tlu linrr prwidd, write tlw numfurs
d.
to show the correct onler of Wilmut's technique of cloning a sheep
7. Many transgenic plants contain genes that produce a natural
the crops do not have to be sprayed with pesticides.
8. Circle the letter of each item that might soon be produced by transgenic plants.
c. rot-resistantfoods
a. human antibodies
d. vitamin A-enriched rice
b.
plastics
^S
6. cloned offspring is born
7. normal cell division begins in fused cell
E. egg cell is taken from an
I
through 6
3. embryo is put into uterus of foster mother
4. nucleus of an adult cell from the animal to be
cloned is fused with the egg cell
5. nucleus of the egg cell is removed
I
s\
I
adult
Date
ClaSs
Narne
Name
uslng sclence
skllls
Class
Date
ctov"ua= o/\t'l orqAni.9va. thaL
caf' DttlA
]'4tag
r;'rr:;'r'j-en'rr
t'ne'
t)se the diagram below to answer
nswer the
tt't foltoring
qurrtio)s::" tne
lUttu'lrtr'Equesttuniu,
prouided,
Tx-=--.=-..\ iffri"fi:snsspsuoo€t. /---\/
\..
'*tfrt;'b)
(pfo"t
,Donor
NUCleUs
4ni.hA4l)
Concept Map
Using information from lhe chapter, amplete the ancept map below. If there is
not enough room in tlu concept fiap to write your answers , write tlrcm on a
separate sheet of paper.
Sh€ep A
Sheep B
An sgg cell i€
lak€n lrom an
adull lemals
shsep.
"p.*-.-- ffil\
.
l.' ,'^i.)
nD)
\,
Il""ilil'n,,'",,,
V
"lii/
Th€ €mbryo ls
plac€d in the utsrus
ol a toslor mother.
Sheep C
Lamb
Figure
: ':
1
26. Interpreting Graphics In the cloning shown in Figure 1, which
sheep is the source of the nucleus in the fused cell?
27.
Interpreting Graphics In the cloning shown in Figure
1,
which
sheep provided an egg cell?
A cell takes in
DNAfrom
outside the cell.
Inferring In Figure
1,
why was the nucleus removed from the egg
cell?
Use of a single
adult
cell to produce
29. Interpreting Graphics Which animal in Figure 1 is a clone?
-O
\
go.
Inferring Which two animals in Figure
1 are
genetically identical?
a genetically
identical individual
13. Cornbining the disease-resistance ability of one plant
with the food-producing capacity of another is an
Claes
Name
aampleof
a. geneticengineering. c. hybridization.
b. inbreeding.
d. gelelectrophoresis.
Vocabulary Revlew
a. technique that
1. recornbinant DNA
-
2. genetic engineedng
3. genetic marker
4. gel electroPhoresis
5. polvmerase chain
ieaition GCR)
6. restdction enzyme
-
b. inbreeding.
d. gdelectrophoresis.
sequence precisely?
nucleotides
d. making changes in the genetic
code of a living orgarusm'
s,ene that makes it Possible
io distineuish cells that have
foreign DNefno- tho"e
that don't
f. technique that is used to make
manY coPies of a Particular
Portion of DNA
a. plasmid
c. polymerase chain reaction
b. genetic marker
d, restriction enzyme
16. A method used to compare the genomes of different
organisms or different individuals is called
'
a.
hybridization.
b.
a genetic
a gene
for human growth
DNA.
marker.
. c.
a
polymerase chain.
d. hybridization.'
During bacterial transformation, the foreign DNA is first
irined to
15. What will cut a DNA sequence only if it matches the
combinin! DNAfrom two
different sources
c. substance used to cut DNA
at a sPecific sequenae of
t7. A plasmid that contains
a. recombinant
a. geneticengineering. c. hybridization.
voltag6 and a gel to seParate
and analYze DNAfragmms
b. molecule Produced bY
(l
hormone is an example of
1{. The technique that helpe to ensure that the characteristics
that make eachbreed uniquewillbe preserved is caUed
uses elechic
cc
a small eircular molecule
b. genetic marker.
d. restriction enzyFe.
19. A tobacco plant that glows in the dark is an example
of
a. aclone.
. c. hybridization.
b. a transgenic organism. d. inbreeding.
20. Ian Wilmut created a sheep using a process called
a. hybridization.
c. cloning.
b.selectivebreeding. d.inbreeding.
c. cloning.
the lines
ywided, conplele
1. ln
thc
fo[uuing
sentences.
only animals with desired
characteristics are allowed to produce the next generation.
2. Crossing dissimilar individuals to bring together the best of both
organisms is called
True or
false.
False lf
the statemmt is true,arrile true.
3. The continued breeding of individuals with similar characteristics is
lf it is false, write
called
7. Inbreeding involves cossing dissimilar individuals to bring together thebest of both
organisms.
4. Biologists change the DNA code of a living organism through
5. A(An)
8. Selective breeding involves only allowing
individuals with desired characteristics to
cuts
DNA at a specific sequence oI
nucleotides.
6. DNA fragments can be separated and analyzed by
produce offspring.
9. The breeding of individuals with similar
7. DNA molecules that are produced by combining DNA from different
characteristics is called inbrceding.
sources are called
10. Cells that undergo differentiationbecome
specialized in structure and function.
8. A technique known as
11. tn hybridiAtion. breeders
9.
12. Breeders
use
hybridization to maintain
is used to make
many copies of a single gene.
cross dissimilar individuals to bring
together the best of both organisms.
Inside the bac{erium below is a small circular piece of DNA called
a(an)
a dog breed.
13. Scientists use g;el-glechophAlSlg to cut DNA
at a specific nucleotide
10. A gene for antibiotic resistance may be used as a(an)
sequence.
14. A plaht that glows in the dark is an example of a tqnsgenic organism.
15. Dolly the sheep is an example of a pkemid.
transformed cell,
11. A(An)
another species.
a
c. clone.
b. selectivebreeding. d. gelelectrophoresis,
Completion On
knowrias
a. plasmid.
making it possible to identify a
organism contains genes from
Name
(pagcs 35s-36O)
G
r
Xuy Concepts
What is the goal of the Human Genome Project?
The Human Genome Profect (pagg
357-3s8)
8.;!What is the Human Genonre Proiect?
. , What is gene therapy?
tI
9,1
Human DNA Analysls gagcr 3ss-357)
Circle the letter of each sentence that is true about the Human Genome Project.
I a. The human genome is the first genome entirely sequenced.
1, Biologists search the volumes of the human genome using
b. The human genome is about the same size as the genome of E. coli.
2. lVhy might prospective parents decide to have genetic testing?
c.
Researchers completed the genomes of yeast and
fruit flies during
the same time
they sequenced the human genome.
d. A working copy of the human genome was completed in June
Circle the letter of each sentence that is true about genefic testing.
10, what were the three majot steps in the process of sequencing the human genome?
a. It is impossible
iI'
to test parents to find out if they are carriers for cystic fibrosis or
Tav-Sachs disease.
a.
b.
b. Labeled DNA
c-
2000.
probes can be used to detect specific sequences found in diseasecausing alleles.
Some genetic tests use changes in restriction enzyme cutting sites to identify diseasecdusing alleles.
c.
Gene Therapy
(pages 359-36o)
16. What is gene therapy?
i
d. DNA testing makes it possible to develop more effective therapy and treatment for
individuals affected by genetic disease.
4. What is DNA fingerprinting?
17. Circle the letter of each sentence that is true about gene therapy.
a. When the normal copy of the gene is inserted, the body can make the correct protein,
which eliminates the disorder.
b. so far, no one has been successfully cured of a genetic disorder using
c. Viruses are often used to carry the normal genes into cells.
5. Complete the flowchart to show the steps inDNA fingerprinting.
enryme.
Small sample of DNA is cut with a(an)
d. Viruses used in gene therapy often cause disease in the patients.
rg. Is the following sentence true or false? All gene therapy experiments have been
r successful.
What particles are often used as vehicles to deliver replacement
geries to cells in gene therapy?
The fragments are separated by size using
L
Fragments
with highly variable regions
are detected
taenfifying Structures An
with a(an)
in thiprocess of
the lines provideil,
gene therapy as one
revealing a series of DNA bands of various sizes.
of
the
identit'y the fotlowing structures
follouring: bone marrow cell,
which can be
The pattern of bands produced is the
distinguished statistically from the pattern of any other individual in the world.
6. Circle the letter of each source for
*$
\7.
a
DNA sample from an individual.
a. blood
c. clothing
b.
d. hair with tissue at the base
sperrn
Is the following sentence true or false? DNA evidence is not reliable enough to be used
to convict criminals.
gene therapy.
5.
6.