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Simulating Protein Synthesis and RNA Interference in the Classroom Purpose: To simulate the process of protein synthesis using student volunteers and pipe cleaners Overview: A piece of paper with drawings is used to represent the DNA and associated genes while students take on the roles of active proteins and RNA in the synthesis pathway. A student copies the patterns from the “DNA” and students carry the patterns to “Ribosome” students who attempt to recreate the drawing using pipe cleaners. In a second round of simulation the teacher will represent the RNA silencing proteins and will remove the pattern for a specific “protein” from the pool as students carry patterns to the ribosome. Needed Supplies: • • • • • Laminated “DNA” Sheet Pipe cleaners White Drawing Paper Pens/Pencils Student Volunteers, at least: o One Transcription Protein o One Ribosome o One mRNA Instructions: 1) Select five student volunteers to represent the active parts of Protein Synthesis 2) One student will represent the DNA Transcription proteins and should be seated at a table on one end of the room 3) A second student will represent the Ribosome, responsible for making proteins from RNA instructions, and should be seated on the opposite end of the classroom with a set of pipe cleaners 4) The remaining students will represent mRNA molecules, responsible for carrying the instructions for proteins from the DNA to the Ribosome a. To slow down the process of protein synthesis, additional tables, desks, chairs, and other obstacles can be placed between the DNA and the Ribosome to represent the internal contents of the cell and the Nuclear Envelope 5) Present the “Transcription Proteins” Student with the laminated “DNA” sheet containing the pattern for three different proteins 6) Have the student copy each of the patterns to a separate sheet of white paper and hand it to an mRNA molecule volunteer 7) The students representing mRNA should carry the copied pattern across the room to the Ribosome 8) One the ribosome receives a copied protein pattern they should attempt to recreate the drawn protein using pipe cleaners a. Make each “protein” a different color pipe cleaner for easy identification 9) Completed “proteins” should be released (tossed) into the cell and the mRNA should disperse back to their seats 10) After all mRNA has dispersed collect the synthesized proteins. Simulating RNA Interference Repeat the simulation for general protein synthesis with the following changes: • • • • • Before starting the simulation a second time the teacher should take a piece of paper and copy down a gene pattern to be “silenced” While running the simulation the teacher will represent the RNA silencing proteins of the cell and should wander around between the DNA and Ribosome The teacher should check the DNA pattern of each mRNA student to see if the pattern matches with his/her template If the teacher interacts with a student whose protein matches his/her pattern, the teacher should take the piece of paper containing the protein pattern and return the student to their seat At the end of the simulation, compare the proteins produced to those from the Protein Synthesis experiment, the “silenced” gene should have been expressed only very little, or not at all After performing both simulations, students can fill out a short table and sheet to display their understanding of the exercise. Explanation: The students represent the active portions of the protein synthesis pathway, whether it be proteins or RNA. The paper represents information carried either in the DNA or the mRNA and contains the instructions for the creation of specific proteins. The teacher represents the RNA silencing protein complex that is activated in RNA interference to remove RNA from the pool that matches its internal pattern. When RNA interference is activated in the cell the silencing complex removes a protein from the cell by stopping and removing all RNA carrying instructions to create it. Neither the protein nor the DNA are effected and all the interaction occurs during information transfer. DNA Protein Patterns Worksheet Fill in the table to identify how the simulation corresponds to the real world: Person or Object in Simulation Part of Protein Synthesis DNA Drawn pictures of Proteins The Nucleus Students Carrying Paper RNA Silencing Proteins The Student Folding Pipe Cleaners Folded Pipe Cleaner DNA Transcription The Process of Folding Pipe Cleaners Create a labeled drawing to explain the process of protein synthesis below: Modify your drawing above to demonstrate how RNA interferences “silences” genes to prevent them from forming proteins.