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Transcript
Intro to Organelles Name: ___________________________Block: ____ Organelles are small structures inside cells. They are often covered in membranes. Each organelle has a job to do in the cell. Their name means “little organ.” Just like each organ in your body has a job to do to keep you healthy, each organelle has a job to do to keep the cell functioning. Virus/Bacteria Humans Organelle Nucleus Nucleolus Cell membrane Cell wall Capsule Mitochondrion Function and Illustration Found only in eukaryotic cells. Contains DNA and is the control center of the cell. Covered by the nuclear membrane/envelope. Found inside the nucleus. Makes ribosomes. Phospholipid bilayer. Covers the cell’s surface. Acts as a barrier between the inside of a cell and the outside cell’s environment. A structure that surrounds the cell membrane of some cells and provides strength and support to the cell membrane. PROTECTION A layer of polysaccharide (long carbohydrate chains) that covers prokaryotic cells outside the cell wall. Powerhouse of the cell. Breaks down food molecules for ATP through cellular respiration. Made of folded membranes to increase the surface area. Found in prokaryotic cells? Found in eukaryotic ANIMAL cells? Found in eukaryotic PLANT cells? Yes Yes Yes No No No Yes Yes Yes No No No Yes Yes Yes No No No Yes Yes Yes No No No Yes Yes Yes No No No Yes Yes Yes No No No Intro to Organelles Found in prokaryotic cells? Found in eukaryotic ANIMAL cells? Found in eukaryoti c PLANT cells? Yes Yes Yes No No No Yes Yes Yes No No No Yes Yes Yes No No No Digests foods, wastes, and foreign invaders in a cell. A specialized version of a vesicle. Covered in membranes. Yes Yes Yes No No No Jelly-like fluid surrounding a cell’s organelles. Yes Yes Yes No No No Yes Yes Yes No No No Yes Yes Yes No No No Yes Yes Yes No No No Organelle Chloroplast Vacuole Vesicle Lysosome Cytoplasm Ribosome Endoplasmic reticulum (E.R.) Golgi (complex, bodies, apparatus) Name: ___________________________Block: ____ Function and Illustration Where photosynthesis is performed in algae and plants. Contains a pigment called chlorophyll that absorbs sunlight energy. Permanent storage container for the cell. In plant cells, it is large. In animal cells, it is small. Holds water or food. Covered in membranes. Temporary storage container that forms when part of the cell membrane surrounds an object and pinches off. Covered in membranes. Creates proteins using amino acids. Produces lipids, breaks down poisons, packages proteins. Folded membranes increase surface area. Rough E.R. has ribosomes attached and embedded. Smooth E.R. does not. Modifies, packages, and transports proteins out of the cell. Folded membranes increase surface area. UPS Intro to Organelles Name: ___________________________Block: ____ Cell Membrane Cytoplasm Rough ER Nucleus Smooth ER Ribosomes vacuole Mitochondria Cell Wall Cytoplasm Cell Membrane Vacuole Nucleus Rough ER Smooth ER Chloroplast Ribosome Mitochondria Color Code Key: nucleus cell membrane cell wall mitochondrion chloroplast vacuole cytoplasm endoplasmic reticulum ribosome Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes Name: ___________________________Block: ____ Observe the pictures below that show a prokaryotic cell and a eukaryotic cell. List the differences you observe about the two types of cells. Prokaryotic Small Simple Capsule * No Membrane bound organelles No Nucleus Eukaryotic Big More complex (organelles) Nucleus *Membrane bound organelles Read this! Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic (Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes) All cells can be classified as either prokaryotic or eukaryotic. The main difference is that prokaryotic cells do not contain a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles, while eukaryotic cells do. Both types of cells contain DNA and have ribosomes. Prokaryotic cells, like plant cells, contain a cell wall surrounding a cell membrane. The plant, animal, fungi, and protist cells that you will study are examples of eukaryotic cells, while bacteria and archaea are examples of prokaryotic cells. Cell organelles (tiny parts) are found in eukaryotic cells. After reading the above paragraphs, add to your observations about the differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes Let’s Compare Structures/Functions! Name: ___________________Block: ____ Prokaryotes Eukaryotes Contain a nucleus? Yes No Yes No Contain DNA? Yes No Yes No Contain ribosomes? Yes No Yes No Has a cell wall? Yes No Yes Plants Has organelles that are covered with membranes? Yes No Yes Kingdoms of life with these kinds of cells Cell wall Chloroplast Chlorophyll 1 LARGE Vacuole No Circle two of these Circle four of these Plants - Animals - Fungi - Protists Plants - Animals - Fungi - Protists Archaea - Bacteria Archaea - Bacteria Plant Cells Shape – rectangle No animals Animal Cells EUKARYOTIC Centrioles Cell membrane Mitochondria Lysosomes Golgi ER DNA Ribosome Nucleus cytoplasm Shape – oval/circle Many small vacuole Cell Parts and Functions Review Name: _______________________Block: ____ Select the correct cell parts listed below to fill the blanks of the sentences or spaces that follow: cell membrane nucleus cell wall cytoplasm nuclear membrane nucleolus Golgi complex endoplasmic reticulum lysosomes chloroplast ribosomes vacuoles mitochondrion prokaryotic eukaryotic Nucleus 1. The ____________________ is known as the brain or control center of the cell and has genes. A cell that has this is said to be ____________________, while a cell that lacks this is said to be ____________________. prokaryotic Eukaryotic 2. It is an intracellular transport system and is made of a series of channels (from the nucleus to cell membrane) throughout the cytoplasm of the cell. __________________________________________. ER 3. Involved in making ribosomes in the cell, this structure is located in the nucleus. _____________________ Nucleolus 4. The structure is the outer covering of a cell and is involved in regulating the movement of materials (food, gases, elements) in and out of the cell. ___________________________________________ Cell membrane 5. Cellular respiration occurs in this organelle because this produces energy (ATP) for cell activities. Sometimes it is called the “powerhouse of the cell”, the organelle is the ___________________________. mitochondria 6. The double membrane surrounding the nucleus that controls what enters and leaves it, is called the: _______________________________________________ Nuclear membrane 7. lysosome Structures that contain digestive enzymes are ________________________________________. Cell wall 8. Outside the cell membrane of a plant cell is the ________________________________ that also serves as support and protection for the cell. 9. ribosomes Enzymes are proteins, and proteins are produced in this organelle. ____________________________. 10. vacuole Sacs storing water, wastes and food are storage chambers in the cell. _____________________________. 11. Structure found in plants (but not animal cells) that carries out photosynthesis is the _________________. chloroplast cytoplasm 12. The _________________________ is area outside the nuclear membrane but inside the cell membrane, and cell parts are located. 13. The structure of the cell that prepares and packages proteins for use within the cell or shipment outside the cell. ___________________________________ golgi