* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Cell Structure and Function
Survey
Document related concepts
Tissue engineering wikipedia , lookup
Biochemical switches in the cell cycle wikipedia , lookup
Cytoplasmic streaming wikipedia , lookup
Signal transduction wikipedia , lookup
Extracellular matrix wikipedia , lookup
Cell encapsulation wikipedia , lookup
Cellular differentiation wikipedia , lookup
Programmed cell death wikipedia , lookup
Cell culture wikipedia , lookup
Cell growth wikipedia , lookup
Cell membrane wikipedia , lookup
Cell nucleus wikipedia , lookup
Organ-on-a-chip wikipedia , lookup
Cytokinesis wikipedia , lookup
Transcript
Cell Structure and Function Definition of Cell • A cell is the smallest unit that is capable of performing life functions. Prokaryotic Cells • Do not have structures surrounded by membranes (no nucleus) • Few internal structures • Single-celled organisms, Bacteria Eukaryotic Cells • Contain organelles surrounded by membranes • Most living organisms (plants and animals) Plant Cell Animal Cell http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/eukaryotic_cells.html “Typical” Animal Cell http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/NSC/images/cell.gif “Typical” Plant Cell http://waynesword.palomar.edu/images/plant3.gif Cell Parts • Organelles: tiny cell structures that have specific functions Surrounding the Cell are the following organelles: Cell Membrane • Outer membrane of the cell • Double layer • • Function: controls movement in and out of the cell Cell Wall • Most commonly found in plant cells & bacteria • Function: supports & protects cells Inside the Cell are the following organelles: Nucleus • Large, round sphere inside of the cell • Separated from cytoplasm by nuclear membrane • Function: Directs cell activities • Contains chromosomes (DNA) Nuclear Membrane • Surrounds nucleus • Made of two layers • Function: openings allow material to enter and leave nucleus Chromosomes • In nucleus • Made of DNA • Function: contain instructions for traits & characteristics Nucleolus • Inside nucleus • Function: makes ribosomes Cytoplasm • Gel-like mixture (mostly water) • Surrounded by cell membrane Endoplasmic Reticulum • Function: moves materials around the inside of the cell • Two types: • Smooth: no ribosomes • Rough(pictured): ribosomes embedded in surface Ribosomes • Each cell contains thousands • Function: make proteins • Found on the rough endoplasmic reticulum & floating throughout the cell Mitochondria • Function: produce energy through chemical reactions – breaking down fats & carbohydrates • Function: site of cellular respiration • Double membrane with folds on the inside Golgi Body (Apparatus) • Function: protein "packaging plant" • Function: move materials out of the cell Lysosome • Membrane bound sac that contains digestive enzymes • Function: breaks down waste products and transports undigested material to cell membrane for removal • Cell breaks down Vacuoles • Membrane-bound sacs • Contains water/other molecules • Function: storage and waste removal • Function: help plants Chloroplast • Usually found in plant cells (never in animal cells) • Contains green chlorophyll • Function: where photosynthesis takes place