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Name _____________________
Hour ______ Date ________
Biology
Final Review
This review guide is general and only provides the concepts and subjects we have covered over the second semester.
Some practice for each section is given, but more than these practice examples will be on the exam.
Topics for this exam will include:
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Cell division: mitosis and meiosis
DNA: structure, replication, and related information. Protein synthesis.
Genetics: inherited traits, mutations, Mendelian concepts.
Biotech: general ideas of cloning and blood types
Evolution: very general concepts regarding evolution and “survival of the fittest”, adaptations.
Cell Division:
1. ___F___ Mitosis produces four cells that are identical from the first parent cell. T or F
2. __D____ An unfertilized goldfish egg has 47 chromosomes in it. What is a parent goldfish’s diploid number?
a. 47
c. 74
b. 84
d. 94
3. ___C___ Before DNA is condensed into chromosomes, it can be found in the form of. . .
a. RNA
c. Chromotin
b. Chromotid
d. Centromere
4. ___B___ What is the cell phase in which chromosomes first become visible?
a. Interphase
c. Anaphase
b. Prophase
d. metaphase
5. ___A___ The cell cycle is composed of four distinct sections, three of which are in interphase. In order they are. .
.
a. G1, S, G2, M
c. S, G1, G2, M
b. G1, G2, S, M
d. G1, M, G2, S
6. Compare and contrast mitosis vs. meiosis
Mitosis: one cell division, daughter cells identical to parent cell, used for growth/repair
Meiosis: Two divisions, daughters have ½ DNA from parent, used to make gametes
7. Describe the difference between sister chromatids and homologous chromosomes. Draw and label a picture of
each. Sister chromatids are really just one chromosome that has been copied and is connected at the
centromere. Homologous chromosomes code for the same traits, but one is form mom and one from dad.
DNA:
1. ____A____ DNA is the molecule that codes for. . .
a. Proteins
c. cells
b. Secret cell messages
d. Bacteria
2. ___D_____ DNA is found in the ____________________ of a cell.
a. Ribosome
c. Mitochondria
b. Membrane
d. Nucleus
3. ____C____ The subunits of DNA are called what?
a. Polymers
c. nucleotides
b. Sugars
d. amino acids
4. ____C____ During replication, which sequence of nucleotides would bind with the DNA sequence T-A-T-G-AC?
a.
T-A-T-G-A-G
c. A-T-A-C-T-G
b.
C-A-C-T-A-C
d. A-G-T-A-T-A
5. ____B____ Which of the following does NOT describe the structure of DNA?
a.
Double Helix
b. Contains A-G pairs
c. A twisted ladder
d. Made of nucleotides
6. Why is DNA Replication considered to be “semi-conservative”?
Parts of the original strand is present in each new complete strand.
7. List the 3 enzymes we discussed in class and briefly describe what their purpose is in DNA replication. Do
not worry too much about spelling on these.
DNA PolymeraseHelicaseLigase8. Provide the correct information for the following:
a. Transcription:
Happens in the ____Nucleus___________________.
DNA gets transcribed into _____mRNA_________.
Introduces a different nitrogen base; instead of T there is now ___Uracil_____.
b. Translation
Happens at the ____Ribosome___________________.
The message is now translated into a chain of __Amino Acids___________________, which are brought
to the ribosome by ___tRNA_____________.
9. Describe what the mutation inversion is.
A piece of chromosome is removed and then reinserted flipped around.
Genetics:
1. For each genotype below, indicate whether it is a heterozygous (HE) OR homozygous (HO)
a. TT ___ho____ c. Pp ___he____
e. dd ___ho____
b. Ff __he_____ d. Tt ___he____
f. FF____ho___
2. ___C____Which of the following would represent a pair of homozygous dominant alleles?
a. TT
b.Tt
c. AA d. cc e. both a and c
3. ___B____Which of the following would represent a heterozygous pair of alleles?
a. TT
b. Tt
c. tt
d. tall
4. ____B___Purple is dominant over white, which letter would you use to represent the dominant trait?
a. W
b. P
c. p
d. w
5. ____D___If yellow is dominant over green then the genotype for a green plant would be?
a. YY
b. GG c. Yy
d. yy
e. gg
6. ___B____ In peas, the green pod color (G) is dominant to the gene for yellow pod color (g). If a heterozygous plant
(Gg) is crossed with another heterozygous plant (Gg), what genotype will likely be the most common among
the offspring?
a. GG
b. Gg
c. gg
d. GGgg
In humans, polydactyly (6 fingers) is a dominant trait. A heterozygous man with 6 fingers (Pp) mates with a normal
woman with 5 fingers (pp). Use this information to answer the questions below.
P
p
p
1
pp
p
Pp
2
__C___7. Which of the following would belong in Box 1?
a. PP
b. pp
c. Pp
d. none of the above.
__B___8. Which of the following would belong in Box 2?
a. PP
b. pp
c. Pp
d. none of the above.
__A___9. What is the phenotype of the individual in Box 1?
a. 6 Fingers
b. 5 Fingers
c. 2 Fingers
___A__10. What is the phenotypic ratio of the offspring? (6 Fingers: 5 Fingers)
a. 1:1
b. 3:1
c. 1:0
d. 4:3
d. No Fingers
Biotech:
1. Currently, cloning an animal such as a sheep involves a pretty involved process. Briefly describe what this
involves.
2. What are 2 issues that may arise if genetic testing becomes mainstream and access is allowed by media and/or
companies?
3. In general, what is gene therapy?
Evolution:
1. ___D____All of the following are types of fossils EXCEPT?
a. Petrified
b. Casts
c. Amber
d. Molten
e. Imprint
2. ____D___ Darwin proposed that natural selection occurs because of
a. Variation within the species
c. competition among the same species
b. Advantageous traits are passed on
d. all of the above
3. ____B____The scientist who observed that the characteristics of animals and plants varied noticeably among
the different islands of the Galapagos was
a. James Hutton
c. Charles Lyell
b. Charles Darwin
d. Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
4. ____C____ Which group of organisms is believed to have been the earliest to evolve?
a. Land plants
b. aquatic dinosaurs c. prokaryotic bacteria
d. mammals