Download DNA * History, Structure, and Functions

The History
 Born in 1822 Gregor
Mendel eventually
became the “Father of
Genetics”
 Friar
 Scientist
What he did.
 Gregor Mendel decided
to see what would
happen if he crossed
various pea plants
 He would carefully
transfer the pollen from
one plant to another
 He did this thousands of
times
The Traits he tested.
His work and others led to…
 Dominant only shows
when present
 Dominant does not
mean better
 Recessive does not mean
worse
Some definitions and facts
 Homozygous - genotype with the same alleles. For
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example: RR, or rr
Heterozygous - genotype with the different alleles. For
example: Rr.
There are 46 chromosomes (23 pairs) in a normal human
cell - diploid
There are 23 chromosomes in a gamete (sex cell) - haploid
Mitosis takes 1 body cell (diploid) and makes 2 identical
body cells (diploid)
Meiosis – finishes with 4 similar haploid cells (23
chromosomes
Homozygous and Heterozygous
Phenotypes and Genotypes
 Genotypes = the genetic code (on the inside)
 Phenotypes = the physical characteristics (on the
outside)
Phenotype vs Genotype
What makes up DNA?
 Deoxyribonucleic acid
Simplified – draw this
Structure - continued
 Purines – Adenine and Guanine. These are the larger
of the 2 types of DNA bases
 Pyrimidines – Thymine and Cytosine. Smaller type of
DNA base
DNA Replication - Definition
 In molecular biology, DNA replication is the
biological process of producing two identical replicas
of DNA from one original DNA molecule.
DNA Replication