Download DNA functions worksheet

Biology 11
Name:
DNA Functions Summary
DNA Structure and Replication:
1. DNA is often called the "code of life". Actually it contains the code for
A. the sequence of amino acids in a protein
B. the sequence of base pairs
C. producing mutations
D. making a recipe
2. What is the main difference between the structure of chromatin and the structure of chromosomes?
When would DNA be found as chromatin?
When would it be found as chromosomes?
3. One nucleotide of DNA is made of three smaller parts. What are these parts?
What are the full names of the bases found in DNA? Which ones bond with each other?
4. What does the diagram below represent?
Where in the cell does this occur?
Under each part of the diagram, write down a few words about what is happening.
5. Why does DNA replication occur before cell division?
Protein Synthesis: you will need to use your chart of mRNA codons/amino acids for many of the
following questions.
6. Which of the following best describes the function of mRNA?
A. it stays in the nucleus and is copied by DNA
B. it carries amino acids to the growing polypeptide chain
C. it makes up the ribosomes and provides the site for protein synthesis
D. it is transcribed from the DNA and carries the information to the ribosome
7. Read the following DNA sequence left to right:
TATCTT
what will be the correct mRNA sequence?
what will be the correct amino acid sequence?
8. Using the table of codons, determine the sequence of amino acids coded for by this mRNA sequence:
C-U-C-C-G-A-U-A-C
Amino acid sequence:
9. The role of ribosomes in protein synthesis is to
A. split the two strands of DNA apart.
B. check for and replace faulty codons.
C. carry amino acids to the site of translation.
D. provide a site for mRNA and tRNA to join together.
10. What is the DNA sequence that would produce the following amino acid strand:
alanine – methionine – alanine
A.
B.
C.
D.
GCAAUGGCG
GCGAUGCGC
CGGTACCGA
CGCTAGGCA
11. Fill in the following chart that compares DNA and RNA:
DNA
# of strands
location in
cell
bases
types
12. Study the following diagram of protein synthesis.
a) Does it represent transcription or translation?
b) What is molecule X being produced?
c)
If the base in box 1 is adenine, then the base in box 2 would be?
RNA
13. Study the following diagram of protein synthesis.
a) Does it represent transcription or translation?
b) What is molecule X and where was it produced?
c)
Label W, X, Y and Z
d) Three bases on molecule X are called?
e)
Three bases on molecule Y are called?
Mutations: (p. 640)
14. What is a mutation? List 2 environmental mutagens (things in your environment that might cause
mutations.)
15. Mutations in DNA can have a variety of effects on proteins produced by a cell. In general terms,
describe the effect of mutations on protein synthesis.
16. Describe an example where a mutation could lead to a genetic disease (inherited) like sickle cell
anemia.
17. Describe 4 possible outcomes for a CELL that has undergone mutations. (see Mr. J if you need help
here)
Cancer: (p. 656-657)
18. What is cancer? What is a cancerous tumor?
19. Use the following categories to contrast benign and malignant tumors:
Contrast (differences)
Harm caused
Rate of growth
Ability to travel in body
Benign tumors
Malignant tumors