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Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) Synthesis Soriano Parts Involved DNA Parent Strand Daughter Strands Extra Nucleotides RNA primers Helicase Primase Polymerase III Polymerase I Ligase Start Helicase unwinds DNA and unzips the DNA strands by breaking the hydrogen bonds between the nitrogenous bases Since polymerase III cannot begin the synthesis of a polynucleotide, Primase must first add a primer, made of RNA nucleotides, to the origin of replication Extra nucleotides spontaneously form hydrogen bonds with the unbound bases of the parental strands. Extending from the 3’ end of the RNA primer, Polymerase III covalently bonds the extra nucleotides creating the leading strands. Since polymerase III can’t bond new nucleotides to the 5’ end of the RNA primer, more primers must be added by primase to begin the formation of the lagging strands Polymerase III covalently bonds the sugar-phosphate backbones of the newly hydrogen bonded nucleotides for each of the Okazaki fragments which creates the lagging strands Polymerase I replaces the RNA primer with DNA nucleotides Ligase covalently bonds the gaps between the Okazaki fragments of the lagging strands DNA synthesis yields 2 DNA strands: each consisting of 1 daughter strand and 1 parent strand.