Download 101 -- 2006

BIOL 101 -- Exam 3 – Block 6, 2007 – Name: _____________________
__ 1. The sequence of nitrogenous bases on one strand of DNA may determine the sequence of:
a) Fatty acids in a fat molecule
c) Sugars in a polysaccharide
correct
b) Amino acids in a protein
molecule
e) Bases in a protein molecule
molecule
d) All of the above choices are
__ 2. Which of the following contains codons?
a) tRNA (transfer)
c) RNA polymerase
e) none of these
b) rRNA (ribosomal)
d) mRNA (messenger)
__ 3. The number of consecutive mRNA bases needed to specify an amino acid is:
a) 3
b) 4
c) 20
d) 64
e) A variable number
__ 4. The number of different possible codons is:
a) 3
b) 4
c) 20
d) 64
e) Unknown
__ 5. If a bacterial protein has 30 amino acids, how many nucleotides are needed to code for it?
a) 30
b) 60
c) 90
d) 120
e) 600
__ 6. The sequence of nitrogen bases on one strand of DNA could determine the:
a) Sequence of nitrogen bases in mRNA
d) All of the above choices are correct
b) Sequence of amino acids in protein
e) Sequence of amino acids in the mRNA
c) Sequence of nitrogen bases in the other DNA strand
__ 7. Which of these functions to transfer information from one generation to the next?
a) DNA
b) mRNA
c) tRNA
d) Proteins
e) Lipids
__ 8. If the sequence of bases in a section of DNA is TAGGCTAA, what is the corresponding
sequence of bases in mRNA?
a) ATCCGATT
b) TAGGCTAA
c) CGAAUCGG
d) AATCGGAT
e) AUCCGAUU
__ 9. The process of copying genetic information from DNA to RNA is called:
a) Translation
b) Transformation c) Replication
d) Transcription
e) Polymerization
__ 10. A transcription start signal (where RNA polymerase binds) is called:
a) an initiation codon
c) an origin
e) Shine-Delgaro sequence
b) a promoter
d) a start site
f) a nonsense codon
__ 11. Uracil pairs with:
a) Thymine
b) Adenine
c) Guanine
d) Cytosine
e) Uracil
__ 12. What mRNA carries from the nucleus is:
a) Enzymes
b) Ribosomes
c) Information
d) Amino acids
e) tRNA
__ 13. Messenger RNA is usually single stranded.
a) True
b) False
__ 14. A part of a mRNA molecule with the following sequence (5¨-CCG ACG-3¨) is being
translated by a ribosome. The following activated tRNA molecules are available. Two of them
can correctly match the mRNA so that a dipeptide can form
tRNA anticodon
Amino acid
tRNA anticodon
Amino acid
GGC
proline
CCG
glycine
CGU
alanine
ACG
cysteine
UGC
threonine
CGG
alanine
The dipeptide that will form will be
a) cysteine-alanine
c) glycine-cysteine
e) threonine-glycine
b) proline-threonine
d) alanine-alanine
__ 15. Which of these makes RNA molecules in the nucleus?
a) ribosomal RNA b) DNA
c) messenger RNA d) transfer RNA
e) RNA polymerase
__ 16. Occurs at ribosomes
a) Transcription
b) Translation
c) Replication
d) Both transcription and translation
e) Cytokinesis
__ 17. If a tRNA molecule specialized for transfer of the amino acid valine has the anticodon CAG,
with what codon will it couple?
a) GAC
b) GTC
c) TUG
d) GUC
e) CAG
__ 18. Anticodon-codon pairing
a) Transcription
b) Translation
c) Replication
d) Both transcription and translation
e) Cytokinesis
__ 19. Which of these are attached to specific amino acids?
a) ribosomal RNA
c) messenger RNA
e) RNA polymerase
b) DNA
d) transfer RNA
__ 20. Has anticodons
a) ribosomal RNA
c) messenger RNA
e) RNA polymerase
b) DNA
d) transfer RNA
__ 21. Which occurs in the nucleus?
a) Transcription only
d) Transcription and replication of genetic material
b) Assembly of amino acids into protein
e) Translation only
c) Replication of genetic material
__ 22. In the sequence: DNA  RNA  protein. The second step is called:
a) Translation
c) DNA replication
e) Hydrolysis
b) Amino acid synthesis
d) Transcription
__ 23. Each new amino acid is attached to the growing chain during translation by:
a) an ionic bond
b) a physical bond
c) hydrogen bonds d) an RNA bond
e) a peptide bond
__ 24. All of the following are directly involved in translation except:
a) Ribosomes
b) tRNA
c) Amino acids
d) DNA
e) mRNA
__ 25. Ribosomes are a collection of
a) small proteins that function in translation.
b) proteins and small RNAs that function in translation.
c) proteins and tRNAs that function in transcription.
d) proteins and mRNAs that function in translation.
e) mRNAs and tRNAs that function in translation.
__ 26. Which of the following is/are true concerning introns?
a) Introns are sections of nucleotides found on a mRNA transcript.
b) RNA splicing usually removes introns from a mRNA molecule.
c) Introns can function to regulate gene expression.
d) The sequence of nucleotides found in introns are not known to represent anything usable by the cell.
e) Introns are removed by spliceosomes.
__ 27. During the elongation of a polypeptide chain, _________ occurs when the mRNA moves to
the next site on the ribosome to read the next codon.
a) translocation
b) transcription
c) transformation
d) translation
e) transference
__ 28. What part of the RNA polymerase molecule recognizes the promoter?
a) gamma factor
b) alpha factor
c) apoenzyme
d) sigma factor
e) beta factor
__ 29. An intervening sequence in a eukaryotic gene that is not an active part of the gene is called
a/an
a) exon.
b) intron.
c) replicon.
__ 30. Proteins that are to be exported from a cell are made in the:
a) Golgi
b) nucleus
c) lysosome
d) endosome
e) rough ER
__ 31. The correct sequence of events in the production of a polypeptide is
a) initiation, termination, elongation.
d) elongation, initiation, termination.
b) elongation, termination, initiation.
e) initiation, elongation, termination.
c) termination, elongation, initiation.
__ 32. What is added to the 5’ end of an RNA molecule during processing?
a) UAG
b) poly-A
c) poly-T
d) a cap
e) none of these
__ 33. After introns are removed, the ___ are joined together to form functional mRNA.
a) axons
b) neutrons
c) exons
d) mesons
e) ori sites
__ 34. rRNA has an anticodon loop at one end of the molecule and an amino acid acceptor stem at
the other end.
a) true
b) false
__ 35. Which of the following is true concerning RNA processing?
a) occurs only in prokaryotes
sequence
b) involves linking together of introns
d) occurs in the cytoplasm
c) introns code for the protein amino acid
e) none of these
__ 36. Which of the following enters the ribosomes A-site?
a) tRNA-amino acids
c) tRNA-peptides
e) ATP
b) rRNA-amino acids
d) rRNA-peptides
__ 37. Each gene is specific for a particular type of protein.
a) True
b) False
__ 38. Why is ATP an important molecule in metabolism?
a) It has high energy phosphate bonds.
c) Its hydrolysis is endergonic.
b) Its synthesis is exergonic.
d) It is extremely stable.
e) It is readily obtained from an organism's environment.
__ 39. When NAD+ is converted to NADH, it was
a) oxidized
b) reduced
c) phosphorylated
d) denatured
e) hydrolyzed
__ 40. Which of the following is an exergonic reaction?
a) break down of glucose
c) synthesis of starch
e) active transport
b) synthesis of glucose
d) movement
__ 41. Which of the following is part of the first law of thermodynamics?
a) Energy cannot be created or destroyed.
c) Energy cannot be transferred or transformed.
b) Kinetic energy is stored energy.
d) Potential energy equals kinetic energy in a reaction.
e) Exergonic reactions are coupled with endergonic reactions.
__ 42. The metabolism of a cell is the sum of all its chemical reactions.
a) True
b) False
__ 43. Which of the following would decrease the entropy within a system?
a) dehydration synthesis
c) respiration
e) catabolism
b) hydrolysis
d) digestion
__ 44. According to the second law of thermodynamics
a) the entropy of the universe is constantly increasing.
b) for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.
c) every energy transfer requires activation energy from the environment.
d) the total amount of energy in the universe is conserved or constant.
e) energy can be transferred or transformed, but it can be neither created nor destroyed.
__ 45. The most common energy carrier molecule of living organisms is:
a) ATP
c) DNA
e) NADPH
b) Inorganic phosphate
d) Glucose
__ 46. What is the general process of breaking down large molecules into smaller ones called?
a) catalysis
b) metabolism
c) anabolism
d) dehydration
e) catabolism
__ 47. Photosynthesis is exergonic.
a) True
b) False
__ 48. Which of the following statements is true concerning catabolic pathways?
a) They combine molecules into more complex and energy rich molecules.
b) They are usually coupled with anabolic pathways to which they supply energy in the form of ATP.
c) They involve endergonic reactions that break complex molecules into simpler ones.
d) They are spontaneous and do not need enzyme catalysis.
e) They build up complex molecules such as protein from simpler compounds.
__ 49. All of the biochemical pathways in a cell constitute
a) coupling reactions.
c) endergonic reactions only.
e) fermentation
b) free energy.
d) exergonic reactions only.
f) metabolism.
__ 50. The subunits from which ATP is made are
a) ADP and phosphate (Pi).
c) FAD and NADPH.
e) ADP and NAD+.
b) FAD and NAD+.
d) ADP and FAD.
__ 51. Molecules that can be broken down during cellular respiration include:
a) carbohydrates.
b) proteins.
c) lipids.
d) both carbohydrates and proteins.
e) carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids.
__ 52. The Krebs cycle reduces molecules that then transfer electrons to the electron transport
system. What are these reduced molecules?
a) ATP and CO2
c) FADH2 and NADH
e) NADH, FADH2, and ATP
b) CO2 and FAD
d) NADH and ATP
__ 53. Muscle cells in oxygen deprivation convert pyruvate to _____ and in this step form _____.
a) lactate; ATP
c) alcohol; ATP
e) lactate; NAD+
b) alcohol; CO2
d) ATP; NAD+
__ 54. Which process in eukaryotic cells will normally proceed whether O2 is present or absent?
a) fermentation
c) Krebs cycle
e) electron transport
b) glycolysis
d) oxidative phosphorylation
__ 55. All of these substances are produced in a muscle cell under anaerobic conditions except:
a) ATP
b) pyruvate
c) lactate
d) CO2
e) NADH
__ 56. At the end of glycolysis, the original carbons of the glucose molecule form:
a) six molecules of carbon dioxide. c) two molecules of pyruvate.
e) two molecules of fructose.
b) two molecules of NADH.
d) two molecules of citric acid.
__ 57. During glycolysis, what is the net gain of ATP molecules produced?
a) 2
b) 4
c) 34
d) 36
e) 38
__ 58. Where does glycolysis occur?
a) Surface of cell membrane
c) Mitochondrial matrix
e) Nucleus
b) Stroma of chloroplast
d) Cytoplasm
__ 59. Strenuous exercise increases CO2 production. Specifically, where is the CO2 coming from?
a) glycolysis
b) C3 cycle
c) Krebs TCA cycle d) chemiosmosis
e) fermentation
__ 60. Which kind of metabolic poison would interfere with glycolysis?
a) An agent that reacts with oxygen and depletes its concentration in the cell.
b) An agent that binds to pyruvate and inactivates it.
c) An agent that closely mimics the structure of glucose, but is not capable of being metabolized.
d) An agent that reacts with NADH and oxidizes it to NAD+.
e) An agent that inhibits the formation of acetyl coenzyme A.
__ 61. Products of the fermentation process can include
a) carbon dioxide
c) lactic acid
e) none of the above
b) ethanol
d) all of the above
__ 62. The products of the Krebs cycle includes
a) ATP
b) carbon dioxide
c) NADH
d) FADH2
e) all of the above
__ 63. Electron transport and the Krebs cycle reactions occur in the mitochondria.
a) True
b) False
__ 64. Pyruvate is converted into _______ molecules of CO2.
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4
e) 5
__ 65. Where is ATP synthase located in the mitochondrion?
a) ribosomes
c) outer membrane
e) DNA
b) cytochrome system
d) inner membrane
f) matrix
__ 66. The electron transport chain results in:
a) the formation of ATP.
c) the formation of a proton gradient.
+
b) the reduction of NAD .
d) the lowering of pH in the mitochondrial matrix.
e) the restoration of the Na+-K+ balance across the membrane.
__ 67. The oxygen consumed during cellular respiration is directly involved in
a) glycolysis.
c) the oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA.
b) the citric acid cycle.
d) the phosphorylation of ADP.
e) accepting electrons at the end of the electron transport chain.
__ 68. The electron transport chain receives electrons directly from:
a) NADH
b) FADH2
c) ATP
d) a and b
e) All of these
__ 69. What is the final electron acceptor in cellular respiration?
a) ATP
b) NADH
c) Carbon dioxide
d) Oxygen
e) FADH2
__ 70. During electron transport, ________ accumulate on the outside of the inner mitochondrial
membrane.
a) calcium
b) protons
c) oxygen
d) potassium
e) sodium
__ 71. The enzymes of the electron transport chain are bound to the surface of the cristae. The
cristae are folded inward in order to
a) decrease the intermembrane space.
c) form battery-like "cells" for the electron transport chain.
b) increase diffusion surface for glycolysis.
d) increase surface area for the electron transport chain
e) separate the products from the substrate in the citric acid cycle.
__ 72. The cristae of the mitochondria can be compared functionally to the thylakoid membranes
of the chloroplast because both contain a system for:
a) Enzyme synthesis
c) Glucose synthesis
e) Electron transport
b) Pyruvate production
d) Anaerobic respiration
__ 73. On a global scale, which one(s) of the following are products of photosynthesis and
required for the lives of all aerobically respiring organisms? 1.water, 2. carbon dioxide 3.
oxygen, 4. carbohydrates
a) 1 and 2
b) 2 and 3
c) 3 and 4
d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
__ 74. Proton gradient for the synthesis of ATP.
a) respiration only
c) both respiration and photosynthesis
b) photosynthesis only
d) neither respiration nor photosynthesis
__ 75. Plants need __________ and __________ to perform photosynthesis.
a) oxygen and water
c) carbon dioxide and water
e) none of the above
b) oxygen and carbon dioxide
d) sugar and water
__ 76. From the above picture, “a” represents:
a) oxygen
c) FADH2
e) ATP
g) sugar
i) NADP
b) NADPH
d) water
f) ADP & Pi
h) CO2
j) NAD
__ 77. From the above picture, “b” represents:
a) oxygen
c) FADH2
e) ATP
g) sugar
i) NADP
b) NADPH
d) water
f) ADP & Pi
h) CO2
j) NAD
__ 78. From the above picture, “c” represents:
a) oxygen
c) FADH2
e) ATP
g) sugar
i) NADP
b) NADPH
d) water
f) ADP & Pi
h) CO2
j) NAD
__ 79. From the above picture, “d” represents:
a) oxygen
c) FADH2
e) ATP
g) sugar
i) NADP
b) NADPH
d) water
f) ADP & Pi
h) CO2
j) NAD
__ 80. From the above picture, “g” and “h” represents:
a) oxygen and water
c) FADH and water
e) ADP & P and ATPi
b) NADP and NADPH
d) ATP and NADP
f) sugar and CO2
__ 81. The color of light least effective in driving photosynthesis is
a) blue.
b) red.
c) orange.
d) green.
e) yellow.
a. the building up of proteins
__ 82. metabolism
__ 83. oxidative
__ 84. reductive
b. removal of electrons
__ 85. catabolism
__ 86. exergonic
d. organisms that use light energy
__ 87. endergonic
__ 88. anabolism
f. all the chemical reactions that occur in a cell
__ 89. phototrophs
__ 90. autotrophs
h. addition of electrons
__ 91. coenzyme
__ 92. heterotroph
j. not protein part of an enzyme
c. release of energy
e. requires energy
g. the break down of molecules
i. uses organic carbon
k. organisms that use inorganic carbon
__ 93. The pigments excited by sunlight that splits water into oxygen and electrons are located in:
a) photosystem I
b) photosystem II
c) the stroma
d) the thylakoid compartment
e) the membrane that forms the thylakoid disk
__ 94. In photosynthesis, the chemical energy formed by the light-dependent reactions is used to
drive the light-independent reactions. The name of the pathway used for the light
independent pathway is
a) Kreb’s cycle
c) photosystem I and II
e) Calvin cycle
b) TCA cycle
d) Harley-Davidson cycle
__ 95. Reduction of CO2.
a) respiration only
c) both respiration and photosynthesis
b) photosynthesis only
d) neither respiration nor photosynthesis
__ 96. Oxidation of water.
a) respiration only
b) photosynthesis only
c) both respiration and photosynthesis
d) neither respiration nor photosynthesis
a. Electrons are removed from one molecule and added to another.
__ 97. Lyases
__ 98.
Isomerases
b. Splits a molecule by the addition of water across its bond.
__ 99.
Transferases
c. Hooks two molecules together using the energy from an NTP (e.g. ATP).
__ 100. Hydrolases
__ 101. Oxidoreductases
d. Removes a group forming a double bond or adds a group to a double bond.
__ 102. Ligases
f. Removes a group from one molecule and add it to another molecule
e. The molecule keeps the same atoms, but they are rearranged.
__ 103. Which of the following is not true concerning enzymes?
a)mostly proteins
c) some require cofactors
e)all of these are true
b) use many different substrates
d) speed up reactions
__ 104. If an enzyme is regulated by a molecule binding to its active site, this is called ___ regulation.
a) allosteric
f) competitive
g) noncompetitive
h) feedback
i) antifeedback
__ 105. The reactant in an enzymatically catalyzed reaction is called the:
a) substrate
j) product
k) feedstuff
l) cofactor
m) coenzyme