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2nd Semester Review Genetics Define the following terms: Genotype: Phenotype: Homozygous: Heterozygous: Nondisjunction: Allele: Gene: Chromosome: Punnett Square: Cross heterozygous tall with homozygous recessive. Give phenotypic and genotypic ratios. A male dog has curly hair and the female dog has straight hair. Curly is dominant to straight. If the dogs have 2 puppies with straight hair and 2 with curly hair, what are the parents’ genotypes? Meiosis Define the following terms Gametes: Haploid: 2nd Semester Review Diploid: Homologous pair: Sister chromatid: Crossing over: Draw a picture of metaphase in mitosis and metaphase 1 in meiosis (They are different!) DNA/ Protein Synthesis What smaller parts make up DNA? What are the 3 parts that make up a nucleotide? Describe DNA replication. Where, when, and why does it take place? Name the five nucleotides used in DNA and RNA. And which nucleotides can bind to each other? What are the 3 differences between DNA and RNA? Define transcription and translation. Where do they take place? What other structures are needed for them to take place? 2nd Semester Review DNA mRNA ___ A U G A C U A G C U G G G G G U A U U A C U U U U A G tRNA ___ AA ___ DNA mRNA tRNA AA MET ARG Evolution Define the following terms Natural Selection: Homologous structures: Analogous structures: Vestigial structures: GLY PHE PHE MET VAL GLY (STOP) 2nd Semester Review Adaptations: Mutation: Bacteria/Virus What is a virus made of? Why isn’t a virus considered a living thing? How do viruses reproduce? What type of cells are bacteria? How do bacteria cells reproduce? Taxonomy List the 8 levels of classification of organisms. Protists What type of cells are protists? Name the three general types of protists. How does each obtain energy? Invertebrates Provide the basic characteristics of each phylum. Include: symmetry, presence of coelom, how they move, how they obtain energy, classes (mollusks and arthropods), segmentation, and examples of each Sponges: Cnidarians Flatworms Roundworms 2nd Semester Review Mollusks Segmented worms Arthropods Vertebrates Sensory system: Describe the function of each part of the brain Olfactory bulb: Cerebrum: Cerebellum: Medulla oblongata: Optic lobe: Spinal cord: Circulatory System: Draw and label a 2, 3, 3.5, and 4 chambered heart. 2nd Semester Review Reproductive Define the following. Oviparous: Viviparous: Ovoviviparous: Amniote egg: Altricial: Precocial: Digestive Provide the function of each organ. Mouth: Esophagus: Stomach: Small intestine: Large intestine: Rectum: Anus: Liver: Gall bladder: Pancreas: