Download Genetics

2nd Semester Review
Genetics
Define the following terms:
Genotype:
Phenotype:
Homozygous:
Heterozygous:
Nondisjunction:
Allele:
Gene:
Chromosome:
Punnett Square: Cross heterozygous tall with homozygous recessive. Give phenotypic and genotypic ratios.
A male dog has curly hair and the female dog has straight hair. Curly is dominant to straight. If the dogs
have 2 puppies with straight hair and 2 with curly hair, what are the parents’ genotypes?
Meiosis
Define the following terms
Gametes:
Haploid:
2nd Semester Review
Diploid:
Homologous pair:
Sister chromatid:
Crossing over:
Draw a picture of metaphase in mitosis and metaphase 1 in meiosis (They are different!)
DNA/ Protein Synthesis
What smaller parts make up DNA?
What are the 3 parts that make up a nucleotide?
Describe DNA replication. Where, when, and why does it take place?
Name the five nucleotides used in DNA and RNA. And which nucleotides can bind to each other?
What are the 3 differences between DNA and RNA?
Define transcription and translation. Where do they take place? What other structures are needed for them
to take place?
2nd Semester Review
DNA
mRNA
___
A U G
A C U
A G C
U G G
G G G
U A U
U A C
U U U
U A G
tRNA
___
AA
___
DNA
mRNA
tRNA
AA
MET
ARG
Evolution
Define the following terms
Natural Selection:
Homologous structures:
Analogous structures:
Vestigial structures:
GLY
PHE
PHE
MET
VAL
GLY
(STOP)
2nd Semester Review
Adaptations:
Mutation:
Bacteria/Virus
What is a virus made of?
Why isn’t a virus considered a living thing?
How do viruses reproduce?
What type of cells are bacteria?
How do bacteria cells reproduce?
Taxonomy
List the 8 levels of classification of organisms.
Protists
What type of cells are protists?
Name the three general types of protists. How does each obtain energy?
Invertebrates
Provide the basic characteristics of each phylum. Include: symmetry, presence of coelom, how they move,
how they obtain energy, classes (mollusks and arthropods), segmentation, and examples of each
Sponges:
Cnidarians
Flatworms
Roundworms
2nd Semester Review
Mollusks
Segmented worms
Arthropods
Vertebrates
Sensory system:
Describe the function of each part of the brain
Olfactory bulb:
Cerebrum:
Cerebellum:
Medulla oblongata:
Optic lobe:
Spinal cord:
Circulatory System:
Draw and label a 2, 3, 3.5, and 4 chambered heart.
2nd Semester Review
Reproductive
Define the following.
Oviparous:
Viviparous:
Ovoviviparous:
Amniote egg:
Altricial:
Precocial:
Digestive
Provide the function of each organ.
Mouth:
Esophagus:
Stomach:
Small intestine:
Large intestine:
Rectum:
Anus:
Liver:
Gall bladder:
Pancreas: