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HONORS BIOLOGY CHAPTER 4 REVIEW 1. Which microscope would you use to study (a) the changes in shape of a living human white blood cell; (b) the finest details of surface texture of a human hair; (c) the detailed structure of an organelle in the liver cell? 2. To convince yourself of the larger surface area to volume of small cells, compare the ratio of surface area to volume of a 10 cm cube and a 100 cm cube. 3. List three features that are common to prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. 4. List three features that are different between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. 5. Which of the following organelles does not belong in this list: mitochondrion, chloroplast, ribosome, lysosome, peroxisome? Why? 6. Describe the structure of a plasma membrane. 7. What are the main functions of the nucleus? 8. What role do ribosomes play in carrying out the genetic instructions of a cell? 9. Contrast the form and functions of SER and RER. 10. What is the relationship of the Golgi Apparatus to the ER? 11. How is a Lysosome like a recycling center? 12. Compare and contrast cilia and flagella. 13. What three cellular components do prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells share? 14. What general function do the chloroplast and mitochondria have in common? How are their functions different? 15. How does a eukaryotic cell benefit from its internal membranes? 16. List similarities and differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. 17. List similarities and differences between a plant and animal cell 18. List the three statements of the cell theory, after each statement, list eth scientist who contributed to the statement. 19. List and describe three types of plastids. 20. What components make up the cytoskeleton? Write the name of the organelle next to the description of it’s structure below. Many small hair like extensions on the cell membrane Membranous tubes and sacs Vesicle bud from the Golgi apparatus that contains digestive enzymes. Nonmembranous structure that contains two subunits composed of rRNA and protein. Bilayer phospholipids with pores, surrounds nucleus. 9 Bundles of microtubules with 3 tubules in each bundle. Bundles are at right angles to each other One or two long whip-like structures. Network of thin tubules and filaments that crisscross through the cell. Membranous flattened sacs with NO ribosomes. Finer long threads of protein in cytoskeleton. Nonmembranous dark spherical organelle inside the nucleus. Vesicles that contain enzymes to detoxify. Hollow tubes of protein that make up part of the cytoskeleton. Flattened membranous sacs stacked on one another (stack of pancakes) Nonmembranous structure that contains spindle fibers and centriole Bilayer membrane mad of phospholipids, protein and carbohydrates. Oval shaped organelle that contains its own DNA. Double membrane, folded inner membrane called cristae. Gel like matrix Dark spherical body that contains nucleoplasm and nucleic acids. Small spherical membranous sac that is classified according to content. Double helix containing five carbon sugar, nitrogen base and phosphate Interconnected flattened sacs with ribosomes. Write the name of the organelle that best describes the function next to each function below. Holds organelles. A place where biochemical reactions occur. Helps with movement of materials within the cell. Framework to support cell and organelles. Allows things to move within the cell. Forms extensions (cilia and flagella) Intracellular highway – movement of molecules within the cell Stores waste, water and food. Merges with plasma membrane to release contents outside of cell. Locomotion Detoxifies alcohol and drugs, breaks down bacteria and fatty acids. Control center of the cell. Maintain internal shape of nucleus and anchor it to some other organelles. Protein synthesis. If made in cytoplasm it is used for domestic purposes. Selectively permeable barrier that contains receptors and markers. Synthesizes lipids and carbohydrates. Detoxifies, transports, and produces sex hormones. Molecules are modified as they move through sacs. “Proteins get addresses” Aids in cell division by forming spindle fibers Microtubule organizational center – builds and breaks down microtubules Holds organelles in place. Maintains cell shape. Acts as tracks for organelles within the cell. Formation of ribosomes and rRNA. Makes energy in the form of ATP Break down old cell components (autolysis) and digest larger particles that enter the cell Moves substances over the cell. Helps with hearing and cleaning airway. Selectively permeable barrier for nucleus. Holds genetic information Makes protein and phospholipids to be exported from the cell. Chapter 4 Vocabulary The Cell Amyloplasts Chloroplast Chromatin Chromoplasts Chromosome Colonies Cristae Cytosol Electron microscope Eukaryotic cell Glycoprotein Hydrophilic Hydrophobic Light microscope Magnification Multicellular Organelles Peripheral Pili Plasmodesmata Plastids Prokaryotic cell Rescanning electron microscope Resolution Stoma Transmission electron microscope Unicellular Lyso Micro Plasm Pro Trans Vacu Intermediate fibers Membranous organelles Microfilaments Microtubules Nonmembranous organelles Nucleus Phospholipids Prokaryotic RER Ribosomes SER Prefixes Endo eu Extra Concept Map Cell membrane Cells Chromoatin Chromosomes Cytoplasm Cytoskeleton Eukaryotic