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HONORS BIOLOGY CHAPTER 4 REVIEW
1. Which microscope would you use to study (a) the changes in shape of a living
human white blood cell; (b) the finest details of surface texture of a human hair;
(c) the detailed structure of an organelle in the liver cell?
2. To convince yourself of the larger surface area to volume of small cells, compare
the ratio of surface area to volume of a 10 cm cube and a 100 cm cube.
3. List three features that are common to prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
4. List three features that are different between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
5. Which of the following organelles does not belong in this list: mitochondrion,
chloroplast, ribosome, lysosome, peroxisome? Why?
6. Describe the structure of a plasma membrane.
7. What are the main functions of the nucleus?
8. What role do ribosomes play in carrying out the genetic instructions of a cell?
9. Contrast the form and functions of SER and RER.
10. What is the relationship of the Golgi Apparatus to the ER?
11. How is a Lysosome like a recycling center?
12. Compare and contrast cilia and flagella.
13. What three cellular components do prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells share?
14. What general function do the chloroplast and mitochondria have in common?
How are their functions different?
15. How does a eukaryotic cell benefit from its internal membranes?
16. List similarities and differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
17. List similarities and differences between a plant and animal cell
18. List the three statements of the cell theory, after each statement, list eth scientist
who contributed to the statement.
19. List and describe three types of plastids.
20. What components make up the cytoskeleton?
Write the name of the organelle next to the description of it’s structure below.

Many small hair like extensions on the cell membrane

Membranous tubes and sacs
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Vesicle bud from the Golgi apparatus that contains digestive enzymes.

Nonmembranous structure that contains two subunits composed of rRNA and
protein.
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Bilayer phospholipids with pores, surrounds nucleus.
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9 Bundles of microtubules with 3 tubules in each bundle. Bundles are at right
angles to each other
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One or two long whip-like structures.
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Network of thin tubules and filaments that crisscross through the cell.
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Membranous flattened sacs with NO ribosomes.
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Finer long threads of protein in cytoskeleton.
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Nonmembranous dark spherical organelle inside the nucleus.
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Vesicles that contain enzymes to detoxify.
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Hollow tubes of protein that make up part of the cytoskeleton.
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Flattened membranous sacs stacked on one another (stack of pancakes)
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Nonmembranous structure that contains spindle fibers and centriole
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Bilayer membrane mad of phospholipids, protein and carbohydrates.
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Oval shaped organelle that contains its own DNA. Double membrane, folded
inner membrane called cristae.
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Gel like matrix
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Dark spherical body that contains nucleoplasm and nucleic acids.
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Small spherical membranous sac that is classified according to content.
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Double helix containing five carbon sugar, nitrogen base and phosphate

Interconnected flattened sacs with ribosomes.
Write the name of the organelle that best describes the function next to each function
below.

Holds organelles. A place where biochemical reactions occur. Helps with
movement of materials within the cell.

Framework to support cell and organelles. Allows things to move within the cell.
Forms extensions (cilia and flagella)

Intracellular highway – movement of molecules within the cell

Stores waste, water and food. Merges with plasma membrane to release contents
outside of cell.

Locomotion

Detoxifies alcohol and drugs, breaks down bacteria and fatty acids.

Control center of the cell.

Maintain internal shape of nucleus and anchor it to some other organelles.

Protein synthesis. If made in cytoplasm it is used for domestic purposes.

Selectively permeable barrier that contains receptors and markers.

Synthesizes lipids and carbohydrates. Detoxifies, transports, and produces sex
hormones.
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Molecules are modified as they move through sacs. “Proteins get addresses”

Aids in cell division by forming spindle fibers

Microtubule organizational center – builds and breaks down microtubules

Holds organelles in place. Maintains cell shape. Acts as tracks for organelles
within the cell.

Formation of ribosomes and rRNA.

Makes energy in the form of ATP

Break down old cell components (autolysis) and digest larger particles that enter
the cell

Moves substances over the cell. Helps with hearing and cleaning airway.

Selectively permeable barrier for nucleus.

Holds genetic information

Makes protein and phospholipids to be exported from the cell.
Chapter 4 Vocabulary
The Cell
Amyloplasts
Chloroplast
Chromatin
Chromoplasts
Chromosome
Colonies
Cristae
Cytosol
Electron microscope
Eukaryotic cell
Glycoprotein
Hydrophilic
Hydrophobic
Light microscope
Magnification
Multicellular
Organelles
Peripheral
Pili
Plasmodesmata
Plastids
Prokaryotic cell
Rescanning electron
microscope
Resolution
Stoma
Transmission electron
microscope
Unicellular
Lyso
Micro
Plasm
Pro
Trans
Vacu
Intermediate fibers
Membranous organelles
Microfilaments
Microtubules
Nonmembranous
organelles
Nucleus
Phospholipids
Prokaryotic
RER
Ribosomes
SER
Prefixes
Endo
eu
Extra
Concept Map
Cell membrane
Cells
Chromoatin
Chromosomes
Cytoplasm
Cytoskeleton
Eukaryotic