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Name: __________________________________ Date: ________________ Period:________ Plant and Animal Cell Review Organelle Description Function 1. CELL WALL Rigid, tough, made of cellulose Provides protection and support for the cell 2. CYTOPLASM 3. NUCLEUS Jelly like substance that contains organelles Dense, ball shaped structure, contains DNA 4. ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM Clear, tubular system of tunnels throughout the cell 5. RIBOSOME Small specks made of RNA. Found in cytoplasm or on the endoplasmic reticulum Animal, Plant or Both plant both Maintains the shape of the cell, allows for movement of organelles and substances through the cell both Control center of the cell, DNA is kept here and proteins are transported out from here both Transport system that allows for substances such as proteins to be moved to specific destinations, rough ER has ribosomes attached to it. Protein synthesis occurs here, protein is created from reading the DNA within the nucleus both 6. MITOCHONDRIA 7. VACUOLE Location in the cytoplasm, bean shaped Large open storage area, smaller in animal cells both Provide energy for the cell, called powerhouses for creating energy. In a plant cell, there is one large central one, it stores water Both- vary in size, amount, and function In an animal cell, there are many small ones that store food(nutrients), waste, and some water 8. CHLOROPLAST 9. GOLGI BODY Green structures that contain chlorophyll Small bags with tubes connecting them plant Uses the sun’s energy to create food for the plant by a process called photosynthesis Packages and ships proteins from the ER both Cell Organelles Worksheet Use the table above to fill in the chart Complete the following table by writing the name of the cell part or organelle in the right hand column that matches the structure/function in the left hand column. A cell part may be used more than once. Structure/Function Cell Part Stores material within the cell vacuole Closely stacked, flattened sacs (plants only) chloroplast The sites of protein synthesis ribosomes Transports materials within the cell vesicles The region inside the cell except for the nucleus cytoplasm Organelle that manages or controls all the cell functions in a eukaryotic cell nucleus Contains chlorophyll, a green pigment that traps energy from sunlight and gives plants their green color chloroplast Digests excess or worn-out cell parts, food particles and invading viruses or bacteria lysosome Small bumps located on portions of the endoplasmic reticulum ribosomes Provides temporary storage of food, enzymes and waste products vacuole Firm, protective structure that gives the cell its shape in plants, fungi, most bacteria and some protests Cell wall Produces a usable form of energy for the cell mitochondria Packages proteins for transport out of the cell Golgi body Site where ribosomes are made nucleolus The membrane surrounding the cell, allows for substances in and keeps things out Cell membrane Provides support for the cell cytoplasm Name for the collection of DNA in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells chromatin Put a check in the appropriate column(s) to indicate whether the following organelles are found in plant cells, animal cells or both. Organelle Plant Cells Animal Cells Cell Wall x Vesicle x Chloroplast x Cytoplasm x x Endoplasmic reticulum x x Golgi apparatus x x Lysosome x x Mitochondria x x Nucleolus x x x Nucleus x x Central vacuole x Ribosome x x Vacuole x x Cell City Analogy In a far away city called Grant City, the main export and production product is the steel widget. Everyone in the town has something to do with steel widget making and the entire town is designed to build and export widgets. The town hall has the instructions for widget making, widgets come in all shapes and sizes and any citizen of Grant can get the instructions and begin making their own widgets. Widgets are generally produced in small shops around the city, these small shops can be built by the carpenter's union (whose headquarters are in town hall). After the widget is constructed, they are placed on special carts which can deliver the widget anywhere in the city. In order for a widget to be exported, the carts take the widget to the postal office, where the widgets are packaged and labeled for export. Sometimes widgets don't turn out right, and the "rejects" are sent to the scrap yard where they are broken down for parts or destroyed altogether. The town powers the widget shops and carts from a hydraulic dam that is in the city. The entire city is enclosed by a large wooden fence, only the postal trucks (and citizens with proper passports) are allowed outside the city. Match the parts of the city (underlined) with the parts of the cell. 1. Mitochondria Hydraulic dam 2. Ribosomes Small shops 3. Nucleus Town hall 4. Endoplasmic Reticulum Special carts 5. Golgi Apparatus Post office 6. Protein widgets 7. Cell Membrane fence 8. Lysosomes Scrap yard 9. Nucleolus Carpenter’s union Not on the assessment- just for extra reinforcement of knowledge EXTRA STUDY QUESTIONS FOR HOMEWORK- Use online resources to answer. In what organelle does cellular respiration take place? chloroplast Name two storage organelles: Vacuole, vesicle What is the list of organelles that take part in protein synthesis? Nucleolus, nucleus, ribosomes, ERs, golgi body How is the nucleus involved in protein synthesis? Provides instructions with DNA What organelle is considered a “factory”, because it takes in raw materials and converts them to cell products that can be used by the cell? Ribosomes make proteins for the cell and Mitochondria use sugar and oxygen to release energy that is used by the cell. ER helps make proteins (ribosomes) and also lipids. Chloroplasts turn sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water into food (glucose). How does the membrane of the cell differ from the nuclear membrane? What advantages does this difference have for the nucleus? Cell membrane protects the cell; controls what goes in and out of cell, communication. Nuclear membrane protect the nucleus. Cell membrane is only single bi-layer, and the nuclear membrane is double bi-layer. Nuclear membrane double bi-layer could provide better protection. What do ribosomes do? Are they found freely floating in the cytoplasm? OR are they found attached to another organelle? OR both. Explain why this occurs. Ribosomes make proteins- BOTH - Some are floating freely in the cytoplasm, and some are attached to the ER. What does the endoplasmic reticulum do? Helps move proteins and other materials around within the cell. What is the difference between rough ER and smooth ER? What is the ER doing that is different in each case? Rough ER has ribosomes attached to it that make proteins and lipids. Smooth ER doesn't have ribosomes and can be used for storage and for making lipids. What are lysosomes? What types of molecules would be found inside a lysosome? Small, round organelles, containing enzymes that digest old and worn out cell parts, enzymes, viruses, bacteria. Why might a lysosome fuse with or link up with a food vacuole? To help get rid of or digest food or other objects. In what organelle do molecules move from the ER to the Golgi bodies? vesicles What is a centriole? In what type of cell (plant or animal) is it found? What does it do for the cell? Small cylindrical organelles used with the spindle apparatus during mitosis in animal cells