Download Plant and Animal Cell Study Guide answer key

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Plant and Animal Cell Review
Organelle
Description
Function
1. CELL WALL
Rigid, tough, made of
cellulose
Provides protection and
support for the cell
2. CYTOPLASM
3. NUCLEUS
Jelly like substance
that contains
organelles
Dense, ball shaped
structure, contains
DNA
4. ENDOPLASMIC
RETICULUM
Clear, tubular system
of tunnels throughout
the cell
5. RIBOSOME
Small specks made of
RNA. Found in
cytoplasm or on the
endoplasmic reticulum
Animal,
Plant or
Both
plant
both
Maintains the shape of the
cell, allows for movement of
organelles and substances
through the cell
both
Control center of the cell,
DNA is kept here and
proteins are transported out
from here
both
Transport system that allows
for substances such as
proteins to be moved to
specific destinations, rough
ER has ribosomes attached
to it.
Protein synthesis occurs
here, protein is created from
reading the DNA within the
nucleus
both
6. MITOCHONDRIA
7. VACUOLE
Location in the
cytoplasm, bean
shaped
Large open storage
area, smaller in animal
cells
both
Provide energy for the cell,
called powerhouses for
creating energy.
In a plant cell, there is one
large central one, it stores
water
Both- vary in
size, amount,
and function
In an animal cell, there are
many small ones that store
food(nutrients), waste, and
some water
8. CHLOROPLAST
9. GOLGI BODY
Green structures that
contain chlorophyll
Small bags with tubes
connecting them
plant
Uses the sun’s energy to
create food for the plant by a
process called
photosynthesis
Packages and ships proteins
from the ER
both
Cell Organelles Worksheet
Use the table above to fill in the chart
Complete the following table by writing the name of the cell part or organelle in the right hand
column that matches the structure/function in the left hand column. A cell part may be used
more than once.
Structure/Function
Cell Part
Stores material within the cell
vacuole
Closely stacked, flattened sacs (plants only)
chloroplast
The sites of protein synthesis
ribosomes
Transports materials within the cell
vesicles
The region inside the cell except for the nucleus
cytoplasm
Organelle that manages or controls all the cell functions in a eukaryotic cell
nucleus
Contains chlorophyll, a green pigment that traps energy from sunlight and gives
plants their green color
chloroplast
Digests excess or worn-out cell parts, food particles and invading viruses or
bacteria
lysosome
Small bumps located on portions of the endoplasmic reticulum
ribosomes
Provides temporary storage of food, enzymes and waste products
vacuole
Firm, protective structure that gives the cell its shape in plants, fungi, most
bacteria and some protests
Cell wall
Produces a usable form of energy for the cell
mitochondria
Packages proteins for transport out of the cell
Golgi body
Site where ribosomes are made
nucleolus
The membrane surrounding the cell, allows for substances in and keeps things
out
Cell
membrane
Provides support for the cell
cytoplasm
Name for the collection of DNA in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells
chromatin
Put a check in the appropriate column(s) to indicate whether the following organelles are found
in plant cells, animal cells or both.
Organelle
Plant Cells Animal Cells
Cell Wall
x
Vesicle
x
Chloroplast
x
Cytoplasm
x
x
Endoplasmic reticulum x
x
Golgi apparatus
x
x
Lysosome
x
x
Mitochondria
x
x
Nucleolus
x
x
x
Nucleus
x
x
Central vacuole
x
Ribosome
x
x
Vacuole
x
x
Cell City Analogy
In a far away city called Grant City, the main export and production product is the steel widget.
Everyone in the town has something to do with steel widget making and the entire town is
designed to build and export widgets. The town hall has the instructions for widget making,
widgets come in all shapes and sizes and any citizen of Grant can get the instructions and begin
making their own widgets. Widgets are generally produced in small shops around the city, these
small shops can be built by the carpenter's union (whose headquarters are in town hall).
After the widget is constructed, they are placed on special carts which can deliver the widget
anywhere in the city. In order for a widget to be exported, the carts take the widget to the postal
office, where the widgets are packaged and labeled for export. Sometimes widgets don't turn
out right, and the "rejects" are sent to the scrap yard where they are broken down for parts or
destroyed altogether. The town powers the widget shops and carts from a hydraulic dam that is
in the city. The entire city is enclosed by a large wooden fence, only the postal trucks (and
citizens with proper passports) are allowed outside the city.
Match the parts of the city (underlined) with the parts of the cell.
1. Mitochondria
Hydraulic dam
2. Ribosomes
Small shops
3. Nucleus
Town hall
4. Endoplasmic Reticulum Special carts
5. Golgi Apparatus
Post office
6. Protein
widgets
7. Cell Membrane
fence
8. Lysosomes
Scrap yard
9. Nucleolus
Carpenter’s union
Not on the assessment- just for extra
reinforcement of knowledge
EXTRA STUDY QUESTIONS FOR HOMEWORK- Use online resources to answer.
In what organelle does cellular respiration take place?
chloroplast
Name two storage organelles:
Vacuole, vesicle
What is the list of organelles that take part in protein synthesis?
Nucleolus, nucleus, ribosomes, ERs, golgi body
How is the nucleus involved in protein synthesis?
Provides instructions with DNA
What organelle is considered a “factory”, because it takes in raw materials and converts them to
cell products that can be used by the cell?
Ribosomes make proteins for the cell and Mitochondria use sugar and oxygen to
release energy that is used by the cell. ER helps make proteins (ribosomes) and also
lipids. Chloroplasts turn sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water into food (glucose).
How does the membrane of the cell differ from the nuclear membrane? What advantages does
this difference have for the nucleus?
Cell membrane protects the cell; controls what goes in and out of cell, communication.
Nuclear membrane protect the nucleus. Cell membrane is only single bi-layer, and the
nuclear membrane is double bi-layer. Nuclear membrane double bi-layer could provide
better protection.
What do ribosomes do? Are they found freely floating in the cytoplasm? OR are they found
attached to another organelle? OR both. Explain why this occurs.
Ribosomes make proteins- BOTH - Some are floating freely in the cytoplasm, and some
are attached to the ER.
What does the endoplasmic reticulum do?
Helps move proteins and other materials around within the cell.
What is the difference between rough ER and smooth ER? What is the ER doing that is
different in each case?
Rough ER has ribosomes attached to it that make proteins and lipids. Smooth ER
doesn't have ribosomes and can be used for storage and for making lipids.
What are lysosomes? What types of molecules would be found inside a lysosome?
Small, round organelles, containing enzymes that digest old and worn out cell parts,
enzymes, viruses, bacteria.
Why might a lysosome fuse with or link up with a food vacuole?
To help get rid of or digest food or other objects.
In what organelle do molecules move from the ER to the Golgi bodies?
vesicles
What is a centriole? In what type of cell (plant or animal) is it found? What does it do for the
cell?
Small cylindrical organelles used with the spindle apparatus during mitosis in animal
cells