Download Cell Growth and Mitosis Notes:

Cell Growth and Mitosis Notes:
What problems does growth cause for cells?
The larger a cell becomes…
• the more __________ the cell places on its ____________
• more trouble moving enough ___________ and __________ across the ______________.
The rate at which ________, ___________, _________, and__________ are moved in and out of the
cell is dependent on the ________________ of the cell.
The rate at which ____________, ___________ and ____________ are used and ___________ is
produced depends on the cell’s ______________.
Ratio of Surface Area to Volume
As the length of a cell increases, its volume increases
than the
.
The ______________ in the cell’s ratio of surface area to volume makes it more ____________ for
the cell to move needed _____________ in and __________ products out quickly enough for the cell
to survive.
Division of the Cell
Before it becomes too __________, a growing cell ____________ forming ______________ cells.
The process by which a cell divides into ____ new __________ cells is called _________________.
Cell Division:
In eukaryotes, cell division occurs in _____major stages.
The first stage, division of the cell _____________, is called _______________.
The second stage, division of the cell ______________, is called _______________.
Chromosomes
______________ information is passed from one generation to the next on __________________.
Before cell division, each chromosome is ____________, or copied (__________________).
Each chromosome consists of two identical “sister” _______________.
Each pair of ___________________ is attached at an area called the _________________.
When the cell divides, the
____________ separate.
Each new cell gets ____ chromatid.
Label the chromatid and the centromere
What are the main events of the cell cycle?
Cell Cycle
The ______________ is the series of events that cells go through as they _______ and __________.
_______________ is the period of growth that occurs between cell divisions.
During the cell cycle:
• a cell _____________
• prepares for ________________
• divides to form 2 _______________ each of which begins the cycle again
The cell cycle consists of four phases:
• ____(First Gap Phase) -interphase
• ________ -interphase
• ________(Second Gap Phase) -interphase
• ________ (Mitosis)
Events of the Cell Cycle
During _____, the cell
• ____________ in size
• synthesizes new __________ and __________
During the _____ phase,
• chromosomes are ___________
• _______________ takes place (DNA _____________)
• Once a cell enters the S phase, it usually completes the rest of the cell
cycle.
The ___________ (Second Gap Phase)
• ____________ and molecules required for cell division are produced
• Once ____is complete, the cell is ready to start the ___________________
Draw the cell cycle with labels:
Mitosis
Biologists divide the events of mitosis into four phases:
- prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
Prophase:
Draw Prophase
Prophase is the first and ___________ phase of mitosis.
The _____________ separate and take up positions on
_____________ sides of the ____________.
The centrioles lie in a region called the ________________.
The ________________helps to organize the ______________, a fanlike microtubule
structure that helps separate the ________________.
__________________ condenses into chromosomes.
The centrioles ______________ and a _____________ begins to form.
The nuclear envelope ____________________.
Draw Metaphase
Metaphase:
The ____________ phase of mitosis is metaphase.
The chromosomes line up _____________________ of the cell.
_________________ connect the _________________ of each chromosome to the poles of the
_______________.
Draw Anaphase
Anaphase:
Anaphase is the___________phase of mitosis.
The _______________ chromatids __________ into individual
chromosomes.
The chromosomes continue to ____________ until they have
separated into __________________.
Draw Telophase
Telophase:
Telophase is the ___________& _____________ phase of mitosis.
Chromosomes gather at _____________ of the cell and ______ their
distinct shape.
A new _______________________ forms around each cluster of chromosomes.
Cytokinesis:
During cytokinesis, the ______________ pinches in ____________.
Each ________________cell has an ______________ set of duplicate
chromosomes
Draw Cytokinesis
In plants, a structure known as the _______________ forms midway
between the divided nuclei.
The __________________ gradually develops into a separating membrane.
A _______________then begins to appear in the cell plate.