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Name: ________________________________________ Date: __________ Block: __________ Cells Test Review Microscope: To find total magnification, multiply eyepiece by objective. Ex. Eyepiece = 10X, Low power = 25X, then total = __________________ Cell Scientists: Complete the following chart to identify the contributions made by each scientist to the Cell Theory. Scientist Contribution Robert Hooke Anton van Leeuwenhoek Rudolf Virchow Matthias Schleiden Thomas Schwann Cell Theory: (3 parts) 1. All living things are made of ________________________________. 2. _____________________ are the basic unit of organization of organisms. 3. All cells come from __________________________ cells. Cell Types: 1. Define prokaryote:_____________________________________________________________ - ex. bacteria 2. Define eukaryote:______________________________________________________________ - ex. Plants, animals 3. Name 2 organelles a plant cell has and an animal cell doesn’t have. ___________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ 4. Name 1 organelle an animal cell has that helps in animal cell division. _________________________ 5. Describe the difference between vacuoles in plant cells and animal cells. ________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ Cell Parts: ____1. Produces ribosomes; located inside the nucleus ____2. Produces proteins; smallest organelle ____3. Controls all organelles; contains DNA/chromatin ____4. Maintains homeostasis by allowing materials in / out of the cell _____5. Produces and transports proteins; covered in ribosomes _____6. Contains digestive enzymes to break down old organelles, bacteria, viruses _____7. Maintains shape in all cells _____8. Used in animal cell division _____9. Made of cellulose in plants; provides extra support _____10. Breaks down food into ATP energy; powerhouse _____11. Produces and transports lipids _____12. Uncondensed DNA found in the nucleus _____13. Absorbs sunlight and converts it to the chemical energy found in glucose _____14. Allows materials in and out of the nucleus _____15. Short hair-like fibers that help cells move _____16. Long tail-like fivers that help cells move a. cell membrane b. cell wall c. centriole d. chromatin e. chloroplast f. cytoplasm g. cytoskeleton h. Rough ER i. Smooth ER j. Golgi k. lysosome l. mitochondria m. nucleus n. nucleolus o. ribosome p. vacuole q. nuclear envelope/membrane r. cilia s. flagella _____17. Site of many chemical reactions; gel-like material that holds organelles _____18. Stores food, water, and waste _____19. Packages and sorts proteins and lipids Review: 1. You discover a cell with chloroplasts and a cell wall. Which type of organism does this belong to? _______________________ 2. Which is more complex a prokaryote or eukaryote? Why? ___________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ 3. What type of cells do humans have? Plant or animal, prokaryote or eukaryote? _____________ ______________________________________________________________________ 4. Organelle cells _____________ organs ____________________ organism Cell Membrane: 1. List the three components (parts) of a cell membrane a. _______________________________________________________________ b. _____________________________________________________________________ c. _____________________________________________________________________ 2. What does it mean to say the cell membrane is made up of a phospholipid bilayer? _________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ 3. What is the function of cholesterol in the cell membrane? __________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ 4. What is the function of protein in the cell membrane? ____________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ 5. Explain how the phospholipid bilayer is selectively permeable. What does it allow into the cell and why does it only allow these molecules into the cell? ___________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ 6. Given the following pictures of a membrane and label the following: a. protein hydrophilic section(s) d. cholesterol b. protein hydrophobic section(s) e. proteins c. phospholipid (phosphate) head f. fatty acid tails 7. Explain the “fluid mosaic model” of the cell membrane. ___________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ Cellular Transport: 1. Define passive transport: __________________________________________________ 2. Define the three types of passive transport: a. diffusion: __________________________________________________________ b. osmosis:___________________________________________________________ Water always moves towards an area of _______________ [solute]. c. facilitated diffusion: ___________________________________________________ 3. What direction do molecules move in passive transport? ____________________________ 4. hypertonic: more water ______________ the cell, water leaves and the cell ______________ 5. hypotonic: more water_______________ the cell, water enters and the cell ______________ 6. isotonic: water equal inside and outside cell, and the cell ____________________________ 7. Label the following as hypotonic, hypertonic, and isotonic. Indicate whether the cell will swell, shrink, or stay the same in size. __________________ _________________ __________________ __________________ _________________ __________________ 8. Define active transport: _________________________________________________________ 9. What direction do molecules move in active transport?____________________________________ 10. Define the three types of active transport: a. Pumps/Channels: _____________________ are used to transport materials against the concentration gradient b. endocytosis: ______________________________________________________________ pinocytosis: _________________________________________________________ phagocytosis: ________________________________________________________ c. exocytosis:________________________________________________________________ 11. Identify the type of transport below. Gradient? Direction? Passive/Active? Gradient? Direction? Passive/Active? Type? Type? 12. Give 1 similarity & 1 difference between: a. Diffusion & facilitated diffusion _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ b. Facilitated diffusion & active transport _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ 11. Identify the type of transport below: Gradient? Gradient? Gradient? Gradient? Direction? Direction? Direction? Direction? Passive/Active? Passive/Active? Passive/Active? Passive/Active? Type? Type? Type? Type? Cell Labeling: 1. Label the prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells below.