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CELL (CHAPTERS 4 & 5) TOPICS
AT THE END OF THIS UNIT YOU SHOULD KNOW THE FOLLOWING:
Levels of organization in the human body from atom  organism
The four basic characteristics/structures all cells have
3 supporting statements of cell theory
Hooke and Leewenhoek’s contributions to the discovery of cells
The composition and structure and parts of the cell (plasma) membrane (i.e.
phospholipids, proteins, steroids/cholesterol, carbohydrates)
 Integral vs peripheral proteins
 What regions of the membrane are polar and nonpolar
 Understand the fluid mosaic model
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 The differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes
 Which organelles are membrane bound
 Identify the organelles of an animal, plant, and prokaryotic cell and be able to label
diagrams of each
 Be able to identify if a cell is a plant, animal, or prokaryotic cell
 What an organelle is and the function of each organelle (for all cell types)
 What makes plant, animal, and prokaryotic cells different
 The function of the cell membrane and selectively permeability
 Know what is passive transport and active transport
 Know why passive transport is different from active transport (concentration
gradients and energy use)
 Types of passive transport (osmosis, diffusion, facilitated diffusion) and how they
differ
 Examples of each type of passive transport
 Parts of a solution (solute vs solvent)
 Know what makes a solution hypertonic, hypotonic, and isotonic
 Equilibrium (solute)
 Determine which direction water (or solutes) will move across a cell membrane
 Predict the movement of water across a cell membrane and the effect on the cell
 The importance of surface area-to-volume ratios
 Importance of cells being so small
 Types of active transport (sodium/potassium pumps, exocytosis, endocytosis,
phagocytosis) and how they differ