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GHS Honors Biology Curriculum Biotechnology IN YOUR TEXTBOOK: CHAPTER 12: “DNA TECHNOLOGY AND GENOMICS” CHAPTER 11: “HOW GENES ARE CONTROLLED” UNDERSTANDINGS: A. Similarities in the properties of DNA allow for the transfer of genetic information from one organism to another. STUDENTS WILL KNOW: A. Scientists use a variety of techniques and materials to study and manipulate living things. B. Genes and traits can be altered in organisms by mutation and genetic engineering. C. There are benefits and potential risks of genetic engineering. ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS: 1. What are some ways in which genes are altered and analyzed in organisms? 2. What are the risks and benefits of altering the genes of existing organisms? STUDENTS WILL BE ABLE TO: 1. Evaluate the use of various techniques for manipulating DNA. 2. Explain how recombinant DNA techniques are used to genetically modify organisms (genetic engineering). 3. Evaluate the risks and benefits of genetic engineering. 4. “Research and defend a position in favor of or opposed to labeling genetically altered foods by developing a brochure.” 5. Evaluate the accuracy and feasibility of a hypothetical or fictional depiction of a biotechnology as contained in the popular media (TV, movie, book, etc.) and present this evaluation in both oral and written formats. 6. Perform the technique of gel electrophoresis to determine matches between DNA samples by DNA profiling / DNA fingerprinting. UNIT VOCABULARY 1. Biotechnology 2. Recombinant DNA 3. Genetic Engineering 4. Plasmid 5. Vector 6. DNA ligase 7. Restriction Enzyme 8. “Sticky ends” 9. Transformation 10. DNA Fingerprint / DNA profiling 11. Genetically Modified Organism 12. Transgenic Organism 13. Genetically Modified Food 14. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) 15. Gel Electrophoresis 16. Clone 17. Surrogate 18. Nuclear transplantation 19. Reproductive cloning 20. Therapeutic cloning Page 1 of 9 Unit Study Guide Questions 1. What is biotechnology? What are some goals of biotechnology? (see page 232) ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ 2. What is a plasmid? In your answer explain what they are, where they come from, and how they are used for gene cloning (pages 232-233). ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ 3. What are restriction enzymes and how are they used in genetic engineering? Be sure to include the terms recognition sequence, sticky ends, and DNA ligase in your answer. (see page 232-234) ______________________________ ______________________________ ______________________________ ______________________________ ______________________________ ______________________________ ______________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ Page 2 of 9 4. With reference to Figure 12.1B from page 233 of your textbook (shown below), describe the steps involved in the use of recombinant DNA technology to produce a recombinant human protein (see pages 232-233). Page 3 of 9 1._____________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ 2._____________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ 3._____________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ 4._____________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ 5._____________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ 6._____________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ 7._____________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ 8._____________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ 9._____________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ Page 4 of 9 5. Using the provided WORD BANK, label the diagram below to correctly identify the tools and steps of genetic engineering (see pages 232-234, especially Figure 12.1B). WORD BANK: Human Gene Plasmid Recombinant DNA Restriction Enzyme g “Sticky ends” Ligase Transformation . 6. Identify the following key terms in understanding biotechnology. Following each blanks in Column A, write a definition for one of the terms in Column B. Then, match each term in Column B with the correct description the you wrote in Column A. Write the letter of the correct term on the line provided. COLUMN A COLUMN B _____ 1. a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. j. _____ 2. _____ 3. _____ 4. _____ 5. _____ 6. _____ 7. _____ 8. _____ 9. _____ 10. Page 5 of 9 Genetic Engineering Restriction Enzyme Vector Plasmid “Sticky ends” DNA Ligase Recombinant DNA Gel Electrophoresis DNA Fingerprint Clone 7. A. Using the diagram below to assist you: Describe the process of reproductive cloning (see pages 221-223). _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ B. Which of the three sheep (udder cell donor, egg donor, or foster mother) will the cloned lamb be most related to at the genetic level? Why? Describe the nature of that genetic relationship. _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ REPRODUCTIVE CLONING IN SHEEP Page 6 of 9 COMPLETE THE PROVIDED WORKSHEETS ABOUT GEL ELECTROPHORESIS AND DNA FINGERPRINTS 8. Consider the diagram below of a gel electrophoresis experiment. a. Label the positive (+) and negative (-) ends of the gel. b. Identify which band represents the smallest piece of DNA. c. Identify which band represents the largest piece of DNA. d. Identify all bands that are present in ALL six samples (A through F). e. Explain the purpose of the wells at the top of the gel. f. Explain why DNA runs toward the positive end of the gel. g. Explain why smaller pieces of DNA run through the gel more rapidly than larger pieces of DNA. Page 7 of 9 Victim Suspect # 3 Suspect # 2 Suspect # 1 9. Based upon this DNA fingerprint evidence, which suspect is most likely to have committed the crime? Crime Scene For questions 9 and 10, refer to the DNA fingerprint evidence shown below. This evidence is from a crime scene investigation, involving a victim and several suspects. 10. Please describe the specific evidence from the DNA fingerprint that led you to that conclusion. 11. With reference to the figure below, explain how Polymerase Chain Reaction is used to amplify (make many copies of) a given DNA sequence. In your answer, be sure to include the terms target sequence, heat, primers, and DNA polymerase (pages 242-243). ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ Page 8 of 9 12. Explain the purpose of Polymerase Chain Reaction. Identify TWO specific circumstances under which the technique might be used (page 242-243). ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ 13. What is a genetically modified organism? What is a genetically modified food (pages 239-240)? Examples? ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ 14. What are some benefits (PROS) to the use of genetically modified foods (pages 239-240)? ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ 15. What are some risks (CONS) to the use of genetically modified foods (pages 239-240)? ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ 16. Some species of fish can live in very cold water. These fish produce an “antifreeze” protein that prevents ice crystals from forming in its blood. The gene for this protein has been identified. a) What biochemical "tool" would be used to “cut” the fish DNA so that the gene could be isolated? b) If a strawberry plant was genetically modified by having the antifreeze gene added, what would be the benefit for farmers? Page 9 of 9