Download BIOLOGY Cells Unit GUIDE SHEET

GHS Honors Biology Curriculum
Biotechnology
IN YOUR TEXTBOOK:
CHAPTER 12: “DNA TECHNOLOGY AND GENOMICS”
CHAPTER 11: “HOW GENES ARE CONTROLLED”
UNDERSTANDINGS:
A. Similarities in the properties of DNA allow for
the transfer of genetic information from one
organism to another.
STUDENTS WILL KNOW:
A. Scientists use a variety of techniques and
materials to study and manipulate living things.
B. Genes and traits can be altered in organisms by
mutation and genetic engineering.
C. There are benefits and potential risks of genetic
engineering.
ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS:
1. What are some ways in which genes are altered
and analyzed in organisms?
2. What are the risks and benefits of altering the
genes of existing organisms?
STUDENTS WILL BE ABLE TO:
1. Evaluate the use of various techniques for
manipulating DNA.
2. Explain how recombinant DNA techniques are
used to genetically modify organisms (genetic
engineering).
3. Evaluate the risks and benefits of genetic
engineering.
4. “Research and defend a position in favor of or
opposed to labeling genetically altered foods by
developing a brochure.”
5. Evaluate the accuracy and feasibility of a
hypothetical or fictional depiction of a
biotechnology as contained in the popular media
(TV, movie, book, etc.) and present this
evaluation in both oral and written formats.
6. Perform the technique of gel electrophoresis to
determine matches between DNA samples by
DNA profiling / DNA fingerprinting.
UNIT VOCABULARY
1. Biotechnology
2. Recombinant DNA
3. Genetic Engineering
4. Plasmid
5. Vector
6. DNA ligase
7. Restriction Enzyme
8. “Sticky ends”
9. Transformation
10. DNA Fingerprint / DNA profiling
11. Genetically Modified Organism
12. Transgenic Organism
13. Genetically Modified Food
14. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
15. Gel Electrophoresis
16. Clone
17. Surrogate
18. Nuclear transplantation
19. Reproductive cloning
20. Therapeutic cloning
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Unit Study Guide Questions
1. What is biotechnology? What are some goals of biotechnology? (see page 232)
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2. What is a plasmid? In your answer explain what they are, where they come from, and how they are used for gene
cloning (pages 232-233).
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3. What are restriction enzymes and how are they used in genetic engineering? Be sure to include the terms
recognition sequence, sticky ends, and DNA ligase in your answer. (see page 232-234)
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4. With reference to Figure 12.1B from page 233 of your textbook (shown below), describe the steps involved in the
use of recombinant DNA technology to produce a recombinant human protein (see pages 232-233).
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5. Using the provided WORD BANK, label the diagram below to correctly identify the tools and steps of genetic
engineering (see pages 232-234, especially Figure 12.1B).
WORD BANK:
Human Gene
Plasmid
Recombinant DNA
Restriction Enzyme
g
“Sticky ends”
Ligase
Transformation
.
6. Identify the following key terms in understanding biotechnology. Following each blanks in Column A, write a
definition for one of the terms in Column B. Then, match each term in Column B with the correct description the you
wrote in Column A. Write the letter of the correct term on the line provided.
COLUMN A
COLUMN B
_____ 1.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
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Genetic Engineering
Restriction Enzyme
Vector
Plasmid
“Sticky ends”
DNA Ligase
Recombinant DNA
Gel Electrophoresis
DNA Fingerprint
Clone
7. A. Using the diagram below to assist you: Describe the process of reproductive cloning (see pages 221-223).
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B. Which of the three sheep (udder cell donor, egg donor, or foster mother) will the cloned lamb be most related
to at the genetic level? Why? Describe the nature of that genetic relationship.
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REPRODUCTIVE CLONING IN SHEEP
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COMPLETE THE PROVIDED WORKSHEETS ABOUT
GEL ELECTROPHORESIS AND DNA FINGERPRINTS
8. Consider the diagram below of a gel electrophoresis experiment.
a. Label the positive (+) and negative (-) ends of the gel.
b. Identify which band represents the smallest
piece of DNA.
c. Identify which band represents the largest
piece of DNA.
d. Identify all bands that are present in ALL six samples
(A through F).
e. Explain the purpose of the wells at the top of the gel.
f.
Explain why DNA runs toward the positive end of the gel.
g. Explain why smaller pieces of DNA run through the gel more rapidly than larger pieces of DNA.
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Victim
Suspect # 3
Suspect # 2
Suspect # 1
9. Based upon this DNA fingerprint evidence, which
suspect is most likely to have committed the crime?
Crime Scene
For questions 9 and 10, refer to the DNA fingerprint evidence shown below.
This evidence is from a crime scene investigation,
involving a victim and several suspects.
10. Please describe the specific evidence from the
DNA fingerprint that led you to that conclusion.
11. With reference to the figure below, explain how Polymerase Chain Reaction is used to amplify (make many copies
of) a given DNA sequence. In your answer, be sure to include the terms target sequence, heat, primers, and DNA
polymerase (pages 242-243).
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12. Explain the purpose of Polymerase Chain Reaction. Identify TWO specific circumstances under which the
technique might be used (page 242-243).
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13. What is a genetically modified organism? What is a genetically modified food (pages 239-240)? Examples?
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14. What are some benefits (PROS) to the use of genetically modified foods (pages 239-240)?
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15. What are some risks (CONS) to the use of genetically modified foods (pages 239-240)?
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16. Some species of fish can live in very cold water. These fish produce an “antifreeze” protein that prevents ice
crystals from forming in its blood. The gene for this protein has been identified.
a) What biochemical "tool" would be used to “cut” the fish DNA so that the gene could be isolated?
b) If a strawberry plant was genetically modified by having the antifreeze gene added, what would be the
benefit for farmers?
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