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Title: The characterization of floral organ identity gene homologues in Trochodendron aralioides Sieb. & Zucc. M.S. Student: Hsiu-Chung Wu (R92B42020) Advisor: Dr. Jer-Ming Hu Abstract: Trochodendron aralioides is the sole member of the family Trochodendraceae, and is restricted to Taiwan, Ryukyu Islands, Japan, and South Korea. T. aralioides has vesselless wood and lacks perianth, therefore for some time it has been suggested as the most primitive angiosperm. But according to detail morphology, anatomy and molecular phylogenetic analyses, it is widely accepted now that Trochodendron belongs to a more derived group in angiosperms, the basal eudicots. In 1986, Peter K. Endress pointed out that there are a few residue scales located between prophylls and stamens of T. aralioides, and called those residue organs ‘tepals”. Our observation showed that there are more scales appearing serially as a gradient from prophylls to tepals in our samples compared to Endress’s observation. The epidermal cells on the scales all show conical type which is similar to that on the epidermal cells of ordinary bright petals. The results suggest that the perianths of Trochodendron are very likely reduced during evolution instead of being a pleiomorphic character, and the attracting agent has been replaced by whole flower instead of perianth only. In order to elucidate the underlying mechanism of floral organ formation, we have characterized putative floral organs identity genes in T. aralioides. We have successfully cloned one A class, three B class, two C class, and four E class homologous genes from T. aralioides. The sequences all show distinct C-terminal motifs corresponding to the previously identified ABCE genes, and phylogenetic analysis confirmed the identities correspondingly. Using floral identity gene homologues to construct the phylogeny of eudicot species, the results all support that T. aralioides belongs to basal eudicots. RT-PCR was used to determine the organ-level expression pattern of those genes. However, the expression patterns of those floral identity gene homologous do not match well to current floral ABCDE model. Whether or not the discrepancy is due to a modification from standard model or due to methodological distortions, awaits further examination, such as immunolocalization studies or other function assays.