Download Name__________________________ Date______ Period

Name__________________________ Date______ Period_______
Protein Synthesis
1. The production of proteins is called _____________ _____________.
2. Proteins are made of chains of ___________ __________ held together by ___________ bonds.
3. How many amino acids are there?
5. Each combination of three nucleotides on mRNA is called a _____________ and codes for a specific __________
__________.
7. Do some amino acids have more than one codon? Give an example.
8. Name the start codon.
9. Name the 3 stop codons.
10. Define translation.
11. Where does translation occur in a cell?
12. The cell organelle known as the ___________ is where proteins are made.
13. Amino acids are carried to the ribosome by ___________.
14. Transfer RNA (tRNA) has a sequence of three nucleotides called the _____________ that binds to the ________ of
mRNA.
16. A tRNA with an anticodon of UGA would pair with what mRNA codon? What amino acid would this codon code for?
17. Ribosomes are composed of ___________ and _________ and may be attached to the _______________
_____________ or be free in the ______________.
20. One site holds the __________ transcript, while the other sites hold __________ with their attached amino acid.
23. Amino acids are attached to each other with __________ bonds as the ribosome moves down the mRNA strand.
24. The ribosome moves down the mRNA _________ nucleotides at a time.
29. Complete the following table:
DNA triplet
mRNA codon
tRNA anticodon
Amino Acid
TAG
UAG
CCA
AUC
AUG
RNA
2. In eukaryotes, the genes (instructions for making proteins) are located in the ___________, while the amino acids to make
proteins are found in the ______________.
3. _________ is the nucleic acid that copies DNA’s instructions in the nucleus & takes them to the cytoplasm.
4. What does RNA stand for?
5. What is the sugar on RNA?
6. RNA does not contain the base ___________, instead it contains the base ___________.
7. DNA is double stranded, while RNA is ___________ stranded.
8. Name the 3 types of RNA and give their abbreviations.
a.
b.
c.
9. ____________ RNA actually copies DNA’s instructions in the nucleus & then moves to the ___________.
13. Where does transcription take place?
20. If this is the sequence on the DNA template strand (AATCGGCTAAGC), what RNA nucleotides would be added?
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24. After transcription, the newly made _________ moves through the __________ of the nuclear membrane out into the
cytoplasm.
Name the parts/structures of a cell:
A = __________________
B = __________________
C = __________________
D = __________________
E = __________________
F = __________________
Use words from the word bank to match the following:
messenger-RNA
___________________
___________________
___________________
___________________
___________________
___________________
___________________
transfer-RNA
ribosomal-RNA
Carries the DNA code from nucleus to cytoplasm
Made by the nucleolus
Adds the correct amino acid to the growing protein chain
Combines with proteins to form ribosomes
Has a CODON region
Has an ANTICODON region
___________________
__________________
If the given diagram represents a part of the process of protein synthesis, strand A would…
a.
b.
c.
d.
Serve as a template for the synthesis of
messenger RNA
Carry a code determined by the original
DNA molecule from the nucleus to the
cytoplasm
Pick up and transfer specific amino acids to
the cytoplasm
Pick up and transfer nucleic acids to the
nucleus
The messenger RNA codes for six different amino acids are shown in the table below.
MESSENGER RNA CODONS FOR AMINO ACIDS
Amino Acid
Messenger RNA Codons
Arginine
CGU, CGC, CGA, CGG
Cysteine
UGU, UGC
Glutamic acid
GAA, GAG
Leucine
CUU, CUC, CUA, CUG
Serine
AGU, AGC
Valine
GUU, GUC, GUA, GUG
1.
In one type of mutated gene for hemoglobin, CAC has replaced the
normal CTC in the DNA code. What amino acid substitution has taken
place in the mutated hemoglobin?
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