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Download Packet 9: Transcription and Translation Name: Hour: _____ Notes
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Packet 9: Transcription and Translation Name: _____________________ Hour: _____ Notes: Transcription-DNA vs. RNA Terms to Know: • DNA: The _______________ for _____ _______ _____________ • RNA: The _______________ system that takes the instructions _____ ______ and makes ______________ for the cell. • Gene: are ________ ______ instructions that control the production of proteins. • Codon: ___________ consecutive ______________ on mRNA that specify a particular amino acid. Genes: • Genes are _________ ___ ______ that control the production of proteins. • Genetic ___________ can be decoded by ________ part of _____ into _____. The Structure of RNA • RNA consists of a long chain of ___________. • Each nucleotide is made up of a 5-carbon ______, a ___________ group, and a nitrogenous _____. DNA vs. RNA • There are _______ main ________________ between RNA and DNA: • The sugar in RNA is _______ instead of deoxyribose. • RNA is generally ________-_________. • RNA contains ________in place of ___________. Types of RNA • There are three main types of RNA: • _______________ RNA • _______________ RNA • _______________ RNA mRNA: Messenger RNA (mRNA) ___________ _________ of instructions from _____ for assembling amino acids into proteins. rRNA: _____________ are made up of proteins and ribosomal RNA (_______). tRNA: During _____________construction, transfer RNA (tRNA) _____________ each ___________ _________ to the ______________. Transcription • Transcription: _________ molecules are ______ by __________ part of _____ into a complementary sequence of mRNA. • Transcription requires the enzyme ________________. • Occurs IN THE ___________ The Genetic Code • The genetic code is the “_____________” of mRNA instructions. • The code is written using _______ “letters” (the bases: A, ____, C, and G). • Codon: ____ consecutive nucleotides on ___________ that specify a particular amino acid. Codon • Each codon specifies a particular __________ ___________ that is to be placed on the polypeptide chain. • Some amino acids can be specified by more than one codon. Notes:Translation- mRNA to Protein During translation, the cell uses information from ___________ to produce ______________ Translation takes place on ______________. __________ is made in the ___________, and then enters the cytoplasm where it attaches to a ___________. Translation begins when an __________ molecule attaches to a ___________. As each ______ of the mRNA molecule _______ through the ribosome, the proper ________ ______ is __________ into the ribosome by ________. In the ribosome, the _________ ________ is added to the growing polypeptide chain. Each _______ molecule carries only _____ kind of _______ ______. In addition to an amino acid, each ______ molecule has three unpaired bases. These bases, called the ______________, are complementary to one mRNA codon. The ribosome binds new tRNA molecules and amino acids as it moves along the mRNA. Eventually, a chain of ______ _______ _____ that will become a ________ Together, transcription (DNA-mRNA) and translation (mRNA+tRNA+ribosomeProteins) is called ____________ ______________ +