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Genetics Name: State Standard: H.1L.2 -- Describe the chemical structure of DNA and its relationship to chromosomes. Explain the role of DNA in protein synthesis. Score 10 Response Excellent 8 Proficient 6 Adequate 4 Incorrect 1 Fails to complete Mini Lab 11-2 Scoring Rubric 1-4 Responses are clear, complete and demonstrate a thorough understanding of the subject matter Completes the assignment or experiment satisfactorily, but the explanations have minor flaws Begins the assignment and explanation satisfactorily; but omits significant parts or fails to complete. Assignment and its explanations are not accurate. Group did not demonstrate understanding or authentic knowledge Fails to complete Gene Mutations and Proteins Gene Mutations often have serious effects on proteins. In this activity, you will demonstrate how such mutations affect protein synthesis. Procedure: 1. Use the following base sequence of one strand of an imaginary DNA molecule. Write the base sequence for an mRNA strand that would be transcribed from the given DNA sequence. AAT GCC AGT GGT TCG CAC. 2. Use table 11.2 to determine the sequence of amino acids in the resulting protein fragment. 3. If the fourth base in the original DNA strand were changed from G to C, how would this affect the resulting protein fragment? 4. If a G were added to the original DNA strand after the third base, what would the resulting mRNA look like? How would this addition affect the protein. Analysis: Which change in DNA was a point mutation? Which was a frame shift mutation? In what way did the point mutation affect the protein? How did the frame shift mutation affect the protein? TRANSCRIBE AND TRANSLATE Name Mini-lab 11.1 Molecules of DNA carry the genetic instructions for protein formation. Converting these DNA instructions into proteins requires a series of coordinated steps in transcription and translation. Procedure: 1. Use the data table below. Complete column B by writing the correct mRNA codon for each sequence of DNA bases listed in the column marked DNA Base Sequence. Use the letters A, U, C, G. 2. Identify the process responsible by writing its name on the arrow in column A. 3. Complete column D by writing the correct anitcodon that bonds to each codon from column B. 4. Identify the process responsible by writing its name on the arrow in column C. 5. Complete column E by writing the name of the correct amino acid that is coded by each base sequence. Use table 11.2 on page 298 of your text (or your ch. 11 notes) to translate the mRNA base sequences to amino acids. DNA base sequence A Process B mRNA codon C Process D tRNA anticodon E Amino Acid AAT GGG ATA AAA GTT Analysis 1. Where within the cell: a. are the DNA instructions located? b. does transcription occur? c. does translation occur? 2. Describe the structure of a tRNA molecule. 3. Explain why specific base pairing is essential to the processes of transcription and translation.