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Ch. 8.2 Cell Cycle – Mitosis I Cell Reproduction * Cell division is the process by which new cells are produced from ____ cell. * Cell division results in _______ cells that are ____________ to the original, parent cell. Discovery of Chromosomes Structures, which contain DNA and become darkly colored when stained, are called ______________________. Chromosomes are the carriers of the genetic material that is coped and passed from generation to generation of cells. Accurate transmission of chromosomes during cell division is critical. Structure of Chromosome Fill in the labels to this picture from the powerpoint. II. The Cell Cycle The __________ __________ is the sequence of growth and division of a cell. The majority of a cell’s life is spent in the growth period know as ____________________. Following interphase, a cell enters its period of nuclear division called ______________. Following mitosis, the cytoplasm divides separating the two daughter cells Rapid growth Centrioles Interphase A. Interphase: A Busy Time Interphase, the busiest phase of the cell cycle, is divided into three parts. o (G1) Rapid growth and metabolic activity. o (S) DNA synthesis and replication. o (G2) Centrioles replicate and cell prepares for division. 1. 2. 3. Mitosis S G2 G1 Mitosis During the first part, the cell grows and protein production Cytokenisis is high. In the next part of interphase, the cell copies its _________. After the chromosomes have been duplicated, the cell enters another shorter growth period in which mitochondria and other organelles are manufactured and cell parts needed for cell division are assembled. The phases of Mitosis. The four phases of mitosis are o ________________________ o ________________________ o ________________________ o ________________________ A. Prophase: The first phase of mitosis * During _____________, the chromatin coils to form visible chromosomes. The two halves of the doubled structure are called ___________ ______________________. Sister chromatids are held together by a structure called a _____________, which plays a role in chromosome movement during mitosis. Centromere B. Metaphase: The second stage of mitosis. * During ______________, the chromosomes move to the equator of the spindle Sister Chromatids C. Anaphase: The third stage of mitosis. * During _______________, the centromeres split and the sister chromatids are pulled apart to opposite poles of the cell. D. Telophase: the fourth stage of mitosis. * During ________________, two distinct daughter cells are formed. The cells separate as the cell cycle proceeds into the next interphase. Cytokinesis Following telophase, the cell’s cytoplasm divides in a process called ________________. Cytokinesis differs between plants and animals. Toward the end of telophase in animal cells, the plasma membrane pinches in along the _____________. Plant cells have a rigid cell wall, so the plasma membrane does not __________ in. A structure known as the __________ __________ is laid down across the cell’s equator. A cell membrane forms around each cell, and new cell walls form on each side of the cell plate until separation is complete. Results of Mitosis When mitosis is complete, unicellular organisms remain as single cells. In multicellular organisms, cell growth and reproduction result in groups of cells that work together as ___________ to perform a specific function. Tissues organize in various combination to form _________ that perform more complex roles within the organism. Multiple organs that work together from an _____________ _______________.