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6H Test Review Answers 1. What is chromosomal analysis? Chromosomal analysis is a procedure that isolates the chromosome pairs so that they may be visualized to determine abnormalities. 2. What structure (picture) do we use to determine Trisomy 21? A karyotype is used to study chromosomal abnormalities 3. What is the anomaly in the karyotype below? Is the human a female or male? Trisomy 21 (extra chromosome on the 21st pair. This is a male with Downs syndrome (XY) 4. Explain (in detail) the process of Gel Electrophoresis. Restriction enzymes are used to cut DNA into fragments. DNA is placed in an agarose gel, then fragments are separated based on size using electricity with smaller molecules moving faster and therefore farther than larger ones. 5. Why is DNA fingerprinting used (List at least 3 examples)? Criminal investigation, paternity, maternity, personal identification 6. Look at the DNA fingerprints below. a. Which suspect was at the crime scene? Suspect #2 b. Which pair of parents’ DNA match the soldier’s DNA? Parents C & D 7. What are genetically modified organisms (GMO)? List 2 examples. GMO’s have had their DNA altered by humans. For example, vegetables and fruits have been genetically engineered to grow with fewer pesticides, grow faster, and grow bigger. corn, glow fish, purple cauliflower 8. Describe the Human Genome Project. The Human Genome Project took 13 years to complete. Headed by the United States government along with other countries such as Japan, China, Germany, scientists mapped out the entire human genomic sequence. 9. Answer the questions about the following pedigree. a. How many children did the couple in Generation 1 have? 3 b. What do the shaded shapes mean? Shaded shapes have the recessive trait c. Who are carriers of the trait in this Figure? Color the shapes half in for carriers. 2 d. Explain what a carrier means. A carrier has the genes for the recessive trait but doesn’t have the disease e. If the trait is sex-linked recessive, label all the genotypes. XnY XNXN XNXn XNXn XNXn XNY XNY XNY ? ? XnY N X Y ? XNY