Download molecular genetics unit review

MOLECULAR GENETICS UNIT REVIEW
Textbook Sections:
4.1-4.3
5.1-5.8
6.1,6.3
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2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Definitions:
anneal
cytokinesis
leading strand
lagging strand
replication fork
semi-conservative
SSBs
template
anticodon
codon
exons
introns
inducer
promoter
template strand
plasmids
recombinant
DNA
vector
Describe the contribution of the following scientists to determining that DNA was the hereditary
material (and not protein):
a) Friedrich Miescher
b) Feulgen
c) Levene
d) Hammerling
e) Frederick Griffith
f) Avery, McLeod, McCarty
g) Hershey and Chase
Describe the contributions of the following scientists to our current knowledge of DNA structure and
DNA replication:
a) Chargaff
b) Rosalind Franklin
c) Watson and Crick
d) Meselson and Stahl
Describe the structure of DNA. Include terms like anti-parallel, nucleotide (phosphate, sugar,
nitrogenous base), 3’ and 5’ end, hydrogen bonds, complementary base pairing and phosphodiester
bonds in your description.
Provide the functions of the following enzymes:
a) DNA helicase
b) DNA gyrase
c) DNA polymerase I and III
d) primase
e) DNA ligase
a) How are DNA strands separated?
b) How are DNA strands replicated? How are the complementary strands built (leading vs. lagging
strand)? Include all enzymes and other components in your explanation.
Describe the contribution of the following scientists to determining that one gene directs the
production of one polypeptide:
a) A.E. Garrod
b) Beadle and Tatum
c) Vernon Ingram
What is the Central Dogma?
Describe the structure of RNA and the functions of mRNA, tRNA and rRNA.
a) What is protein synthesis?
b) Explain transcription: initiation, elongation and termination.
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c) Explain translation: initiation, elongation and termination
d) Understand the genetic code:
i. codons (including start and stop)
ii. anticodons
iii. DNA  mRNA  polypeptide/protein (know how to transcribe DNA and translate mRNA if
given a sequence)
What are the four ways gene expression is controlled?
What is an operon? Describe/explain the 2 main operons (lac, trp) in prokaryotic cells.
a) What are mutations?
b) What are the different types of mutations and their effects?
What are some differences between eukaryotes and prokaryotes?
How are genes and chromosomes organized and structured?
What is a restriction endonuclease/enzyme? How do they work? What is the difference between a
sticky end and a blunt end?
What are methylases and DNA ligase?
How does gel electrophoresis work? What are some uses of gel electrophoresis?
What is a plasmid? What is a plasmid map? Know how to create a simple plasmid map and how to
interpret a plasmid map.
What is transformation?
What is PCR? What is PCR used for? Know the 3 main steps (denaturation/strand separation,
annealing, extending).
What is RFLP?