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Grade 10 Academic Science - Biology
Cells and Their Organelles
ANSWERS
Using a micro-viewer and Slide Sets 58 and 66, answer the following questions.
Slide Set 58 - Cell Structure
View Slide #2 “Onion Skin”
1.
What does A point to?
CELL WALL
2.
What does D point to?
CELL MEMBRANE
3.
Which one is easier to identify?
CELL WALL
4.
What is the liquid inside the cell called (B)?
CYTOPLASM
5.
How many cells can you see on the slide?
22
6.
“C” point to the nucleus. How many nuclei does each onion cell have?
1
View Slide #4 “Cheek Cells”
7.
Describe the cell membrane in the cheek cells
DARK, SINGLE LINE
8.
Is there a cell wall? Explain why.
NO, ANIMAL CELLS DO NOT HAVE CELL WALLS
9.
What other organelles are visible in the cheek cells?
10.
How does the shape of the cheek cells compare to the shape of the onion cells in Slide #2?
ONION CELLS ARE NOT A RIGID A SHAPE; RATHER,
THEY ARE IRREGULAR AND SOMEWHAT MORE CIRCULAR
NUCLEUS
Slide Set #66 The Ultra-Structure of Animal Cells
View Slide #3 “Cell Membrane”
11.
Is the cell membrane a single or double thickness?
DOUBLE
12.
According to the booklet, what are the layers made of?
PROTEIN WITH FAT
13.
What else is the cell membrane made of?
View Slide #5 “Mitochondria”
14.
What shape are the membranes inside the mitochondria?
SUBMARINE
15.
What is contained inside the inner membranes?
ENZYMES
16.
Draw the mitochondria
Grade 10 Academic Science - Biology
Cells and Their Organelles
Using a micro-viewer and Slide Sets 58 and 66, answer the following questions.
Slide Set 58 - Cell Structure
View Slide #2 “Onion Skin”
1.
What does A point to?
2.
What does D point to?
3.
Which one is easier to identify?
4.
What is the liquid inside the cell called (B)?
5.
How many cells can you see on the slide?
6.
“C” point to the nucleus. How many nuclei does each onion cell have?
View Slide #4 “Cheek Cells”
7.
Describe the cell membrane in the cheek cells
8.
Is there a cell wall? Explain why.
9.
What other organelles are visible in the cheek cells?
10.
How does the shape of the cheek cells compare to the shape of the onion cells in Slide #2?
Slide Set #66 The Ultra-Structure of Animal Cells
View Slide #3 “Cell Membrane”
11.
Is the cell membrane a single or double thickness?
12.
According to the booklet, what are the layers made of?
13.
What else is the cell membrane made of?
View Slide #5 “Mitochondria”
14.
What shape are the membranes inside the mitochondria?
15.
What is contained inside the inner membranes?
16.
Draw the mitochondria
Grade 10 Academic Science – Biology
CELL
Cell Organelles
Individual cells contain ORGANELLES that perform specific tasks inside the cell.
Some Cell Organelles
Function
Cell Membrane
Double-layered covering that supports the cells and allows some substances to move in
and out of the cell
Cytoplasm
Jelly-like liquid in which the organelles are suspended
Endoplasmic reticulum
Transports materials throughout the cell
Mitochondria
Power plant of the cell. Convert food to usable energy
Nucleus
Control centre (i.e., brain) of the cell
Vacuole
A compartment that stores water, waste and other substances
Almost everything in a cell is controlled by the cell’s DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). DNA contains all of the cell’s
genetic material a set of long molecules called chromosomes. Humans have 46 chromosomes grouped into 23 pairs.
A random change in the DNA of a cell is called a MUTATION.
Cell Division
You began life as a single fertilized cell. Now, your body consists of trillions of cells. Cell division allows cells to
grow, repair damage and reproduce.

An organism made up of more than one cell is a MULTICELLULAR ORGANISM.
The size of a cell is limited. Why? Nutrients and wastes move through the cell by a process called DIFFUSION. In
diffusion, substances move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. Likewise, OSMOSIS
is the movement of water across the cell membrane towards an area of high concentration. If cells were too large,
these processes would not work. Nutrients and water would not reach the organelles, while wastes staying in the cell
could poison the cell.
Cell Cycle
The Cell Cycle has three phases

Interphase – resting and preparation

Mitosis – Division of the nucleus

Cytokinesis – Division of the cytoplasm
Interphase is the longest phase. In this phase, cells grow and prepare to divide by duplicating their DNA.
Cell Division (Mitosis) has four distinct stages

Prophase – Chromosomes thicken and the nuclear membrane begins to dissolve

Metaphase – Chromosomes lines up along the middle of the cell

Anaphase – Chromotids separate and the separate chromosomes begin to migrate to the opposite
sides of the cell

Telophase – A new membrane forms around the nucleus at each end of the parent cell
Cytokinesis – Cytoplasm and other organelles are distributed to the two ends of the cell. Two new cells are formed.
TASK

Draw a diagram illustrating the FOUR STAGES of mitosis

Using PAGES 40-44 in Science Perspectives 10, define the following terms

Daughter cell

Chromosome

Chromatid

Centromere

Using PAGES 40-44 in Science Perspectives 10, answer the following questions

Page 44, Questions 1-5