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Biotechnology
Test
Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Figure 13-1
1. What does Figure 13-1 show?
a. gel electrophoresis
b. DNA sequencing
c. a restriction enzyme producing a DNA fragment
d. polymerase chain reaction
2. In Figure 13-1, between which nucleotides is the DNA cut?
a. adenine and thymine
b. cytosine and guanine
c. thymine and cytosine
d. adenine and guanine
3. To produce genetically engineered bacteria that make a human protein, which of the following steps does a
scientist have to take first?
a. Insert the human gene for the protein into a plasmid.
b. Extract the protein from the bacterial culture.
c. Use a restriction enzyme to cut out the gene from human DNA.
d. Transform bacteria with the recombinant plasmid.
4. Analyzing DNA by gel electrophoresis allows researchers to
a. compare DNA samples from different sources.
b. determine whether a particular allele of a gene is dominant or recessive.
c. compare the phenotypes of different organisms.
d. cut DNA with restriction enzymes.
5. One function of gel electrophoresis is to
a. separate DNA fragments.
b. cut DNA.
c. recombine DNA.
d. extract DNA.
6. Combining genes from different sources into a single DNA molecule is known as
a. DNA fingerprinting.
b. cloning.
c. PCR.
d. recombinant DNA technology.
7. Knowing the sequence of an organism’s DNA allows researchers to
a. reproduce the organism.
b. mutate the DNA.
c. study specific genes.
d. cut the DNA.
8. Suppose a restriction enzyme recognizes the six-base sequence
AAGCTT
TTCGAA
in a double strand of DNA. Between which two nucleotides on each strand would the enzyme have to cut to
produce a fragment with sticky ends that are four bases long?
a. GC
b. CT
c. AA
d. AG
9. On an electrophoresis gel, band B is closer to the positive end of the gel than is band A. Which of the following
statements is true?
a. Band B is more negatively charged than band A.
b. Band B moved faster than band A.
c. Band A is smaller than band B.
d. Band B consists of larger DNA fragments than does band A.
10. If two DNA samples showed an identical pattern and thickness of bands produced by gel electrophoresis, the
samples contained
a. the same amount of DNA.
b. fragments of the same size.
c. the same DNA molecules.
d. all of the above
11. A strand of DNA formed by the splicing of DNA from two different species is called
a. determinant RNA.
b. recombinant DNA.
c. plasmid DNA. d. restriction RNA.
12. Plasmids
a. are circular pieces of bacterial DNA.
b. can replicate independently of the organism’s main chromosome.
c. are often used as vectors in genetic engineering experiments.
d. All of the above
13. Restriction enzymes are specific in their action on
a. DNA.
b. amino acids.
c.proteins.
d. chromosomes.
14. Enzymes that cut DNA molecules at specific places
a. have sticky ends.
b. are restriction enzymes.
c. work only on bacterial DNA.
d. always break the DNA between guanine and adenine.
15. The term EcoRI refers to a
a. restriction enzyme.
b. bacterial gene.
c. specific DNA sequence.
d. specific mutation.
16. Although controversial, DNA fingerprinting has been used in criminal investigations because
a. criminals leave DNA samples behind them when they touch an object at a crime scene.
b. DNA analysis is believed to allow investigators to distinguish body cells of different
individuals, who are unlikely to have the same DNA.
c. bacterial DNA on the hands of criminals may provide a clue as to where that person was when
the crime was committed.
d . DNA found on murder weapons is easy to identify.
17. A genome is
a. an organism’s collection of genes.
b. a protein fragment.
c. the nucleotide sequence that makes up a particular gene.
d. a fragment of DNA added to a chromosome during a gene transfer experiment
Figure 13-1
18. What are structures C and D in Figure 13-1, and what is their significance?
Other
USING SCIENCE SKILLS
Figure 13-3
19. What process is shown in Figure 13-3?
20. In Figure 13-3, what do the bands shown in B consist of?
21. Which group of bands in Figure 13-3 moved faster, C or D? Why?
22. What is occurring in A in Figure 13-3?
23. In Figure 13-3, why are the bands in B moving toward the positive end of the gel?
24. In Figure 13-3, were the three DNA samples shown in A identical? Explain your answer.
Biotechnology
Answer Section
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
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17.
C
D
C
A
A
D
C
C
B
D
B
D
A
B
A
A
A
SHORT ANSWER
18. Structures C and D are the sticky ends of a DNA fragment, which allow the fragment to be inserted into a piece of
DNA that has the same sticky ends.
OTHER
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
The process shown is gel electrophoresis.
The bands consist of DNA fragments.
The bands in group D moved faster because they consist of smaller DNA fragments.
The restriction enzyme is cutting the DNA into fragments.
The bands consist of DNA, which is negatively charged.
No, the DNA samples were not identical because they produced different patterns of bands on the gel.