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10th Grade Genetics Content
K-U-D
Topic: Storage of Genetic Information
Which Standards are students learning in this unit?
Standard 7.1.A Hereditary/genetic information in chromosomes is contained in molecules of
DNA. Genes are sections of DNA that direct syntheses of specific proteins associated with traits
in organisms. These consist of various combinations of four different nucleotides that encode
this information through their sequences.(Essential)
By the end of this unit, students will be able to…
Know:
Vocabulary:
 DNA
 Nucleotide
 Sugar-Phosphate
backbone
 Genome
 Complementary base
pair
Understand:
Do:
The structure and constituent Isolate and observe DNA
parts of the DNA molecule are from multiple sources (plant,
directly related to its function. animal, bacteria)
Describe the physical structure
of a DNA molecule.
Students can construct model
of DNA
Topic: Transmission of Genetic Information From Cell to Cell
Which Standards are students learning in this unit?
Standard 6.4.A Certain chemicals pathogens and high energy radiation seriously impair normal
cell functions and the health of the organism (compact)
Standard 7.1.C Mutations in DNA of organisms normally occur spontaneously at low rates, but
can occur at higher rates (i.e., exposure to pathogens, radiation and some chemicals). Most
mutations have no effect on the organisms, but some may be beneficial or harmful depending on
the environment. (Essential)
Standard 7.1.D Only random mutations in gametes can create the variation that is inherited by
an organism’s offspring. Somatic mutations are not inherited, but may lead to cell death,
uncontrolled growth, or cancer. (Important)
Standard 7.1.E During the cell cycle, DNA of the parent cell replicates and the cell divides into
two cells that are identical to the parent. This process is used for growth and repair of body
tissues and for asexual reproduction.(Essential)
By the end of this unit, students will be able to…
Know:
Vocabulary:
 Asexual reproduction
 Chromatid
 Chromosomes
 Mitosis
 Allele
 Crossing over
 Gamete
 Genes
 Meiosis
 Diploid
 Fertilization
 Haploid
 Independent
assortment
 Karyotype
 Sexual reproduction
 Somatic cell
 Mutation
Understand:
Do:
The cell cycle is an orderly
process that results in new
somatic cells that contain an
exact copy of the DNA that
make up the genes and
chromosomes found in the
parent somatic cells.
Explain how the cell cycle
contributes to reproduction
and maintenance of the cell
and/or organism.
Explain how the type of cell
(gamete or somatic cell) in
which a mutation occurs
determines heritability of the
mutation.
Explain how mutation and
sexual reproduction increase
variation in a population.
Variation
increases
population’s survivability.
a
Topic: Expression of Genetic Material
Which Standards are students learning in this unit?
Standard 6.1.F Cells store and use information to guide their functions. DNA molecules in each cell
carry coded instructions for synthesizing protein molecules. The protein molecules have important
structural and regulatory functions. (Essential)
Standard 6.4.B The scientific investigation of cellular chemistry enables the biotechnology industry to
produce medicines foods and other products for the benefit of society (Essential)
Standard 7.1.A Hereditary/genetic information in chromosomes is contained in molecules of DNA.
Genes are sections of DNA that direct syntheses of specific proteins associated with traits in organisms.
These consist of various combinations of four different nucleotides that encode this information through
their sequences. (Essential)
Standard 7.1.C Mutations in DNA of organisms normally occur spontaneously at low rates, but can
occur at higher rates (i.e., exposure to pathogens, radiation and some chemicals). Most mutations have no
effect on the organisms, but some may be beneficial or harmful depending on the environment.
(Essential)
Standard 7.2.A Evolution is a change in allelic frequencies of a population over time. The theory of
evolution is supported by extensive biochemical, structural, embryological, and fossil evidence
(Essential)
Standard 7.2.E Organisms are classified into a hierarchy of groups and subgroups based on similarities
in structure, comparisons in DNA and protein and evolutionary relationships. (Compact)
Standard 7.2.G Biological evolution is the foundation for modern biology and is used to make
predictions for medical, environmental, agricultural and other societal purposes. (Essential)
Standard 7.3.A The expanding ability to manipulate genetic material, reproductive processes, and
embryological development creates choices that raise ethical, legal, social, and public policy questions.
(Compact)
Standard 7.3.B Recombinant DNA technology, which is a form of genetic engineering, involves the
insertion of DNA from one cell into a cell of a different organism where the inserted DNA is expressed.
Genetic engineering is being applied in biology, agriculture, and medicine in order to meet human wants
and needs. (Important)
By the end of this unit, students will be able to…
Know:
Understand:
Vocabulary:
Mutations may be harmful,
 DNA
beneficial, or have no impact on
 Codon
the survival of the organism.
 Gene expression
 Nucleotide
Genetic engineering is a process
 Protein
by which a gene that is not
 Protein synthesis
naturally occurring in an
 RNA
organism is inserted into its
 tRNA
genome thereby altering the
 mRNA
organism’s phenotype.
 rRNA
 transcription
 Translation
 Chromosome
 Gene expression
Mutations in DNA sequences of
a gene may or may not affect the
expression of the gene.
Do:
Illustrate how a sequence of
DNA nucleotides codes for a
specific sequence of amino acids.
Predict the possible outcome of
specific genetic mutations or of a
specific genetic modification
carried out by humans.
Topic: Transmission of Genetic Information from Generation to Generation
Which Standards are students learning in this unit?
Standard 6.4.B The scientific investigation of cellular chemistry enables the biotechnology industry to produce
medicines foods and other products for the benefit of society (Essential)
Standard 7.1.A Hereditary/genetic information in chromosomes is contained in molecules of DNA. Genes are
sections of DNA that direct syntheses of specific proteins associated with traits in organisms. These consist of
various combinations of four different nucleotides that encode this information through their sequences. (Essential)
Standard 7.1.D Only random mutations in germ cells (gametes) can create the variation that is inherited by an
organism’s offspring. Somatic mutations are not inherited, but may lead to cell death, uncontrolled cell growth or
cancer. (Important)
Standard 7.1.F Meiosis is the production of sex cells (gametes). The production and release of these gametes is
controlled by hormones. In meiosis, the number of chromosomes is reduced by one-half and chromosomes may
randomly exchange homologous parts to create new chromosomes with combinations not necessarily found in the
parent cell. (Essential)
Standard 7.1.G Upon fertilization, the fusion of the gametes restores the original chromosome number, and new
gene combinations lead to increased genetic variation, which, in turn, increases the likelihood of survival of the
species. (Essential)
Standard 7.1.I Embryological development in plants and animals involves a series of orderly changes in which
cells divide and differentiate. Development is controlled by genes whose expression is influenced by internal factors
(i.e., hormones) and may also be influenced by environmental factors (i.e., nutrition, alcohol, radiation, drugs, and
pathogens). Alteration in this balance may interfere with normal growth and development. (Compact)
By the end of this unit, students will be able to…
Know:
Understand:
Vocabulary:
Organisms reproduce, develop,
have predictable life cycles, and
 Allele
pass on heritable traits to their
 Dominant
offspring.
 Gene
 Genotype
The development of technology
 Phenotype
has allowed us to apply our
 Punnett square
knowledge of genetics,
 Recessive
reproduction, development and
 Co-dominance
evolution to meet human needs
 Heterozygous
and wants.
 Homozygous
 Incomplete dominance
 Karyotypes
 Sex-linked trait
 Trisomy
Do:
Use Punnett squares, including
dihybrid crosses, and pedigree
charts to determine probabilities
and patterns of inheritance (i.e.
dominant/recessive, codominance, sex-linkage, multiallele inheritance)
Analyze a karyotype to
determine chromosome numbers
and pairs. Compare normal and
abnormal karyotypes.
Use characteristics of offspring
can help determine the genotype
of parent organisms.
(phenotypes)
Topic: Patterns of Inheritance/Bioethical Issues
Which Standards are students learning in this unit?
Standard 6.4.D Biotechnology is a growing international field of research and industry. Many scientists
including those in Delaware are conducting cutting edge research in the field of biotechnology.
(Compact)
Standard 7.1.A Hereditary/genetic information in chromosomes is contained in molecules of DNA.
Genes are sections of DNA that direct syntheses of specific proteins associated with traits in organisms.
These consist of various combinations of four different nucleotides that encode this information through
their sequences. (Essential)
Standard 7.1.B Known patterns of inheritance can be used to make predictions about genetic variation.
(Important)
Standard 7.1.H The sex chromosomes contain different genes, and therefore, certain traits will show
patterns of inheritance based on gender. (Important)
Standard 7.2.G Biological evolution is the foundation for modern biology and is used to make
predictions for medical, environmental, agricultural and other societal purposes. (Essential)
Standard 7.3.A The expanding ability to manipulate genetic material, reproductive processes, and
embryological development creates choices that raise ethical, legal, social, and public policy questions.
(Compact)
Standard 7.3.B Recombinant DNA technology, which is a form of genetic engineering, involves the
insertion of DNA from one cell into a cell of a different organism where the inserted DNA is expressed.
Genetic engineering is being applied in biology, agriculture, and medicine in order to meet human wants
and needs. (Important)
By the end of this unit, students will be able to…
Know:
Understand:
Vocabulary:
By understanding the structure
and function of DNA and the
 DNA
processes by which DNA directs
 Electrophoresis
cell activities, scientists can
 Genetic modification
manipulate the code to create
new combinations of traits and
new varieties of organisms.
Knowing how to modify genetic
code does not answer the
question of what will happen
once the genes are inserted into
the general population.
Do:
Evaluate the risks and benefits of
various ethical, social and legal
scenarios that arise from the
ability to manipulate genetic
material and reproductive
processes.