Download Chap 7 Photosynthesis

BIOL 210 Study Guide for Exam #2: These are example questions from
your book that are meant to be a guide for you – not an all-encompassing
treatise of the material. Obviously, I can’t ask you all of these questions,
but if you knew the answers to all of them you would do well on the exam!
I will concentrate on the book, and the powerpoint lectures which go
along pretty well with the chapters. There will also be questions (with less
emphasis) derived from in-class activities including the genetics
handouts. Techniques for pipetting may me asked.
Chap 7 Photosynthesis
1. How do photosynthetic organisms benefit humans?
2. What is the structure of a chloroplast, where are they located, and how
do gases move in and out of leaves?
3. How is photosynthesis related to respiration?
4. Look at Fig. 7.4 – what are the inputs and outputs for the light reaction
and the Calvin cycle?
5. See Fig. 7.5. What is the electromagnetic spectrum, and what is a
wavelength? What is meant when we say that a particular color (in the
visible part of the spectrum) absorbs some wavelengths, and relects
others? What do we see?
6. Why are there more than 1 chloroplast pigments? What are some
examples?
7. What is a photosystem? How is light energy (photons) transferred
within a photosystem?
8. What are the 2 types of photosystems? What are their products?
9. what are the reactants and the products of the Calvin Cycle?
10. How do C3 C4 and CAM plants obtain carbon dioxide?
11. What is the greenhouse effect, andhow does the burning of fossil fuels
affect this?
Ch. 8 – Reproduction/Inheritance
1. Why is cell division important?
2. Distinguish between asexual and sexual reproduction. What are some
examples of asexual reproduction among animals, plants, protests?
3. Describe the structure of a chromosome and how chromosomes are
duplicated (see also ch 10).
4. What is the cell cycle and what are the different phases?
5. Describe the key events of mitosis and meiosis.
6. Compare cytokinesis in plant and animal cells.
7. Describe how the cell cycle control system functions and what
happens when this system malfunctions.
8. How are cancer cells different from normal cells?
9. What are some factors that increase your risk of cancer?
Ch. 9 – Inheritance
1. What is amniocentesis and CVS?
2. Define the following terms: self-fertilization, cross-fertilization, truebreeding, hybrid, P generation, F1 generation, and F2 generation.
3. Distinguish between these pairs of terms: dominant vs recessive
alleles, genotype and phenotype, heterozygous and homozygous.
4. What is Mendel’s Principles of Segregation and of Independent
Assortment?
5. Know how to do a monohybrid cross and a dihybrid cross. What are the
expected phenotype ratios in the F1 and F2 generations.
6. What is a test cross? How is it done?
7. How do you calculate the probability of a particular genotype being
produced from a particular mating? (see Fig. 9.13).
8. What is a family pedigree? How is it used? What is meant by a
“carrier?”
9. What is the difference between a recessive and a dominant dosorder?
What is an example of each?
10. Why are heterozygous individuals for the sickle-cell gene resistant to
malaria?
11. Review incomplete dominance using the example in Fig. 9.18.
12. Review inheritance patterns in ABO blood groups as an example of
multiple alleles.
13. In a general way, distinguish between pleiotrophy and polygenes.
14. Define the chromosome theory of inheritance.
15. What are linked genes and how does crossing over (during meiosis)
affect linked genes?
16. How is sex determined in individuals? (which chromosomes)
17. What is a sex-linked gene? What is an example that you studied on the
genetics homework handouts?
Ch. 10. – Molecular Biology
1. What is the structure of the DNA molecule? What monomers make up
the DNA molecule? What are the different nitrogenous bases?
2. What are these people known for regarding the discovery of DNA?
Watson and Crick, and Rosalind Fanklin?
3. How is DNA different frm RNA?
4. How does DNA replicate?
5. Define transcription and translation.
6. How does the language of DNA direct the production of polypeptides?
7. What is a codon?
8. Compare mRNA and tRNA in structure and function.
9. What are the steps of transcription and how is RNA processed before it
leaves the nucleus?
10. What are the steps in translation?
11. What are mutations?
12. What is a bacteriophage?
Ch. 12. – DNA Technology
1. What is biotechnology?
2. How is genetic engineering involved in humulin production, vaccines
etc?
3. What are GM foods and transgenic animals? Why is there concern over
their use?
4. What are the basic techniques used in recombinant DNA? Why are
plasmids so important?
5. What is a genomic library?
6. What is DNA fingerprinting and how is it used to solve crimes?
7. What are the functions of PCR, RFLP analysis, and gel electrophoresis
in DNA fingerprinting?
8. What is the Human Genome Project?
9. How was DNA technology used to track the source of the anthrax that
killed several people in 2001?
10. What is human gene therapy?
11.