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HAPPY FRIDAY Bellwork: On your bellwork write “Study for Quiz” and Turn it in. HUMAN PEDIGREE – A FAMILY TREE PROJECT Essential Question: “Why do offspring resemble both of their parents?” REQUIREMENTS FOR PEDIGREE POSTER SIZE: Smallest dimensions = 11 X 17 TITLE: Family Name KEY: Trait(s) & Gender Symbols FAMILY MEMBERS: First Names CONNECTEDNESS: Lines connecting people in the family SEMESTER AVERAGE TO PASSING OR A HIGHER LETTER GRADE! Required: Siblings/You Parents Grandparents (0 points extra!) Extra Credit: Cousins/Siblings/You Parents/Aunts/Uncles Grandparents (10 points extra!) Extra Credit: Cousins/Siblings/You Parents/Aunts/Uncles Grandparents/Great Aunts/Great Uncles Great Grandparents (20 points extra!) Going beyond Great, great grandparents will not receive further extra credit. (0 points extra!) Make a cupcake family tree, a 3D model, or a YouTube Video, etc… Let your imagination run WILD!!! (10 points extra!) OVER THE BREAK……. Since some of you will see family members, see who has what and keep track of them. Choose ONE TRAIT from the following list that want to Peak follow Widows Peak you vs Non-Widows tree. Tongue-Rolling vs Non Tongue- along your family Almond Shaped-Eyes vs Round Shaped-Eyes Rolling Right-handed vs Left-handed Attached Ear-Lobes vs Unattached Ear-Lobes Hitchhikers Thumb vs Straight Thumb Freckles vs No Freckles Cleft Chin vs Non-Cleft Chin This activity is adaptable to everyone’s family situation. If you have any questions about how to draw a pedigree for your particular family, please see me. WARNING! Not completing the project will leave you in jeopardy of failing the 3rd SixWeeks/Semester. CAN YOU IDENTIFY YOUR OWN GENOTYPES AND PHENOTYPES? Hairline: Widow’s peak is dominant to straight hairline Eye Shape: Almond eyes is dominant to round eyes Eyelash Length: Long eyelashes is dominant to short eyelashes Tongue Rolling: CAN roll the tongue is dominant to cannot Hitchhiker’s Thumb: Hitchhiker’s thumb is dominant to straight thumb Lip Thickness: Thick lips are dominant to thin lips STANDARD: DESCRIBE HOW TECHNIQUES SUCH AS DNA FINGERPRINTING…ARE USED TO STUDY THE GENOME OF ORGANISMS (B.6H) ESSENTIAL QUESTION: HOW CAN DNA FINGERPRINTING BE APPLIED TO STUDY ORGANISMS? GENETIC NOTECARDS PERIODS 4 & 5 DUE FRIDAY (12/12/14) Karyotype Trisomy 21 DNA Fingerprint Gene Allele Hybrid Purebred Recessive Dominant Genotype Phenotype Homozygous Heterozygous Monohybrid Dihybrid Pedigree Co-Dominance Incomplete Dominance Polygenic Sex-Linked Meiosis Gamete Haploid Diploid DNA PROFILING (DNA fingerprinting) WHAT IS DNA PROFILING? A technique used by scientists to distinguish between individuals of the same species using only samples of their DNA STAGES OF DNA PROFILING Stage 1: Cells are broken down to release DNA STAGES OF DNA PROFILING Stage 2: The DNA is cut into fragments using restriction enzymes, which cut the DNA at a specific base sequence STAGES OF DNA PROFILING Stage 3: Fragments are separated on the basis of size using a process called gel electrophoresis. STAGES OF DNA PROFILING DNA is negatively charged so it is attracted to the positive end of the gel. The shorter DNA fragments move faster than the longer fragments. DNA is separated on basis of size. STAGES OF DNA PROFILING A radioactive material is added which combines with the DNA fragments to produce a fluorescent image. A photographic copy of the DNA bands is obtained. STAGES OF DNA PROFILING Stage 4: The pattern of fragment distribution is then analyzed. AKA where the bands are on the gel DNA SAMPLES CAN BE OBTAINED FROM BLOOD, HAIR, URINE, SALIVA, SKIN, SEMEN, OR VAGINAL SECRETIONS. USES OF DNA PROFILING DNA profiling is used to solve crimes and medical problems EXAMPLE A violent murder occurred. The forensics team retrieved a blood sample from the crime scene. They prepared DNA profiles of the blood sample, the victim and a suspect as follows: WAS THE SUSPECT AT THE CRIME SCENE? Suspects Profile Blood sample from crime scene Victims profile SOLVING MEDICAL PROBLEMS DNA profiles can be used to determine whether a particular person is the parent of a child. A childs paternity (father) and maternity(mother) can be determined. This information can be used in • Paternity suits • Inheritance cases • Immigration cases BABY DADDY? EXAMPLE: A PATERNITY TEST By comparing the DNA profile of a mother and her child it is possible to identify DNA fragments in the child which are absent from the mother and must therefore have been inherited from the biological father. IS THIS MAN THE FATHER OF THE CHILD? Mother Child Man PRACTICE, PRACTICE, PRACTICE! You have the rest of the period to complete analysis worksheets. The worksheet is due at the end of the period. Yes, it is for a grade!