Download DNA PROFILING

 HAPPY FRIDAY 
Bellwork:
On your bellwork write
“Study for Quiz” and
Turn it in.
HUMAN PEDIGREE – A FAMILY
TREE PROJECT
Essential Question: “Why do offspring resemble
both of their parents?”
REQUIREMENTS FOR PEDIGREE
 POSTER SIZE: Smallest dimensions = 11 X 17
 TITLE: Family Name
 KEY: Trait(s) & Gender Symbols
 FAMILY MEMBERS: First Names
 CONNECTEDNESS: Lines connecting people in the
family

SEMESTER AVERAGE TO PASSING OR A
HIGHER LETTER GRADE!
Required: Siblings/You  Parents  Grandparents
(0 points extra!)
Extra Credit: Cousins/Siblings/You 
Parents/Aunts/Uncles  Grandparents (10 points extra!)
Extra Credit: Cousins/Siblings/You 
Parents/Aunts/Uncles  Grandparents/Great Aunts/Great
Uncles  Great Grandparents
(20 points extra!)
Going beyond Great, great grandparents will not receive
further extra credit. (0 points extra!)
Make a cupcake family tree, a 3D model, or a YouTube
Video, etc… Let your imagination run WILD!!! (10 points
extra!)
OVER THE BREAK…….
Since some of you will see family
members, see who has what and
keep track of them. Choose ONE
TRAIT from the following list that
want to Peak
follow
Widows Peak you
vs Non-Widows
tree.
Tongue-Rolling
vs Non Tongue-
along your family
Almond Shaped-Eyes vs Round
Shaped-Eyes
Rolling
Right-handed vs Left-handed
Attached Ear-Lobes vs Unattached
Ear-Lobes
Hitchhikers Thumb vs Straight
Thumb
Freckles vs No Freckles
Cleft Chin vs Non-Cleft Chin
This activity is adaptable to
everyone’s family situation. If
you have any questions about
how to draw a pedigree for
your particular family, please
see me.
WARNING!
Not completing the project will leave
you in jeopardy of failing the 3rd SixWeeks/Semester.
CAN YOU IDENTIFY YOUR OWN GENOTYPES
AND PHENOTYPES?
Hairline:
Widow’s peak is
dominant to
straight hairline
Eye Shape:
Almond eyes
is dominant to round
eyes
Eyelash Length:
Long eyelashes is
dominant to
short eyelashes
Tongue Rolling:
CAN roll the tongue
is dominant to cannot
Hitchhiker’s Thumb:
Hitchhiker’s thumb is
dominant to
straight thumb
Lip Thickness:
Thick lips
are dominant to thin lips
STANDARD:
DESCRIBE HOW TECHNIQUES SUCH AS
DNA
FINGERPRINTING…ARE USED TO STUDY THE
GENOME OF ORGANISMS
(B.6H)
ESSENTIAL QUESTION:
HOW CAN DNA FINGERPRINTING BE
APPLIED TO STUDY ORGANISMS?
GENETIC NOTECARDS
PERIODS 4 & 5
DUE FRIDAY (12/12/14)
Karyotype
Trisomy 21
DNA Fingerprint
Gene
Allele
Hybrid
Purebred
Recessive
Dominant
Genotype
Phenotype
Homozygous
Heterozygous
Monohybrid
Dihybrid
Pedigree
Co-Dominance
Incomplete Dominance
Polygenic
Sex-Linked
Meiosis
Gamete
Haploid
Diploid
DNA PROFILING
(DNA fingerprinting)
WHAT IS DNA PROFILING?
A technique used by scientists to
distinguish between individuals of the
same species using only samples of
their DNA
STAGES OF DNA PROFILING
Stage
1:
Cells are
broken down
to release
DNA
STAGES OF DNA PROFILING
Stage 2:
The DNA is cut into fragments using restriction
enzymes, which cut the DNA at a specific base
sequence

STAGES OF DNA PROFILING
Stage 3:
 Fragments are
separated on the basis
of size using a process
called gel
electrophoresis.
STAGES OF DNA PROFILING
DNA is negatively
charged so it is
attracted to the
positive end of the
gel.
The shorter DNA
fragments move
faster than the
longer
fragments.
DNA is separated
on basis of size.
STAGES OF DNA PROFILING
A
radioactive
material is added
which combines with
the DNA fragments
to produce a
fluorescent image.
 A photographic copy
of the DNA bands is
obtained.
STAGES OF DNA PROFILING
Stage 4:
The pattern of fragment
distribution is then
analyzed.
 AKA
where the bands are
on the gel
DNA SAMPLES
CAN BE
OBTAINED FROM
BLOOD,
HAIR,
URINE,
SALIVA,
SKIN,
SEMEN,
OR
VAGINAL
SECRETIONS.
USES OF DNA PROFILING

DNA profiling is
used to solve
crimes and
medical problems
EXAMPLE
A violent murder occurred.
 The forensics team retrieved a blood sample
from the crime scene.
 They prepared DNA profiles of the blood
sample, the victim and a suspect as follows:

WAS THE SUSPECT AT THE CRIME
SCENE?
Suspects
Profile
Blood sample
from crime
scene
Victims
profile
SOLVING MEDICAL PROBLEMS
DNA profiles can be used to determine
whether a particular person is the parent
of a child.
A childs paternity (father) and
maternity(mother) can be determined.
This information can be used in
• Paternity suits
• Inheritance cases
• Immigration cases
BABY DADDY?
EXAMPLE: A PATERNITY TEST
By comparing the DNA profile of a
mother and her child it is possible to
identify DNA fragments in the child
which are absent from the mother and
must therefore have been inherited
from the biological father.

IS THIS MAN THE FATHER OF THE
CHILD?
Mother
Child
Man
PRACTICE, PRACTICE, PRACTICE!
You
have the rest of the
period to complete analysis
worksheets.
The worksheet is due at the
end of the period.
Yes, it is for a grade!