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PROTEIN SYNTHESIS DNA Location: Nucleus (eukaryotes only) Structure/Size: double strand, very large! Bases: A, T, C, G Function: master set of instructions VS.RNA Location: depends- nucleus, cytoplasm, ribosomes Structure/Size: single strand, shorter than DNA Bases: A, U, C, G Function: read instructions and build proteins DNA vs.RNA LET’S REVIEW Chromosomes are made up of DNA Chromosomes contain genes Genes are segments of DNA that act like a code Gives the instructions for making proteins Proteins control traits DNA Genes Proteins Traits Protein Synthesis = Making….. IF DNA ONLY CODES FOR THE MAKING OF PROTEINS, PROTEINS MUST BE VERY IMPORTANT TO LIVING THINGS! 2 Steps Involved: TRANSCRIPTION – turning DNA’s code into messenger RNA TRANSLATION – turning mRNA into an amino acid chain = PROTEIN TRANSCRIPTION mRNA copies instructions from DNA mRNA = messenger RNA If the DNA Gene is Then the RNA copy is TCGGTCACG AGCCAGUGC Each set of 3 bases is called a CODON and represents an AMINO ACID!!! Using the CODON CHART is like the process of translation. You take a sequence of RNA and turn it into an AMINO ACID chain. TRANSLATION mRNA carries instructions out to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm tRNA brings amino acids to the ribosomes tRNA = transfer RNA Identified by an anticodon that matches a codon Example: The codon AUG matches the anticodon UAC rRNA puts the amino acids together to build the amino acid chain = PROTEIN rRNA = ribosomal RNA GGGAUACGU Glycine Isoleucine Arginine 1 = mRNA 2 = ribosome 3 = single amino acid 4 = amino acid chain 5 = tRNA REVIEW- TYPES Name OF RNA Function Location Analogy Nucleus, cytoplasm, or attached to ribosomes The foreman mRNA Messenger RNA Copy of DNA instructions tRNA Transfer RNA Carry amino Cytoplasm acids to ribosomes Trucks/ transporters rRNA Ribosomal RNA Makes up ribosomes; puts amino acids together Builders/ construction workers Ribosomes ONE MORE TIME…… AT GC TA TA GC CG CG AT AT (original DNA) A G T T G C C A A _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ (DNA) (mRNA) TRANSCRIBE DNA AND = AGT mRNA TRANSLATE mRNA = UCA = UCA anticodon = AGU codon = serine