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Transcript
Transcription, Gene Translation, Expression… Oh My! 1pt 1 pt 1 pt 1pt 1 pt 2 pt 2 pt 2pt 2pt 2 pt 3 pt 3 pt 3 pt 3 pt 3 pt 4 pt 4 pt 4pt 4 pt 4pt 5pt 5 pt 5 pt 5 pt 5 pt What conclusion did Beadle and Tatum reach with their studies of Neurospora? One mutant gene affects one enzyme One mRNA codon specifying for the amino acid Leucine is 5’CUA3’. What is the corresponding anticodon? 3’GAU5’ Uracil forms a complementary pair with ____ in RNA and _____ in DNA. Adenine, adenine During protein synthesis, ribosomes: Attach to the mRNA molecule and travel along its length. How is the 4 letter language of nucleic acids converted into the 20 word language of amino acids? They combine in 3 letter sequences that define different amino acids. What serves as an adapter in protein synthesis and bridges the gap between mRNA and proteins? tRNA What portion of the molecule contains the anticodon? Anticodon loop In all organisms, the AUG codon codes for: Initiation of translation Substitution of one base pair for another can result in a ___ mutation that results in the conversion of an amino acid specifying codon to a termination codon. Nonsense mutation Frameshift mutations result from: The insertion or deletion of one or two base pairs. Genes that encode proteins that are always needed are called: Constitutive genes How does the lactose repressor block transcription of the lactose operon? By binding to the operator Lactose induces the transcription of the lactose operon by: Binding to the allosteric site of the repressor after being converted to allolactose. Repressible genes are usually actively transcribed when: The supply of the end product formed by the enzymes encoded by these genes is low. The gene that codes for the repressor protein in the E. coli lactose operon is: constitutive An inducible operon is usually controlled by: A repressor that keeps it in the “off” state The inducer of the lactose operon in E. coli is: lactose Translational controls regulate: The rate at which mRNA is translated. Prokaryotic gene regulation occurs mainly at the ____ level. Transcriptional level DNA sequences called ___ increase the rate of RNA synthesis after initiation of transcription. enhancers Gene amplification involves: Extra replication of genes that specify a certain product needed
