Download DNA

What is second law of
thermodynamics?
(you know the answer, whether you know it or not)
“All matter tends toward lowest energy and highest disorder”
Q. What is life?
A. Information which uses captures
energy to battle the second law of
thermodynamics
Order
(Polymers)
Figure 5.17 Conformation of a protein, the enzyme lysozyme
Figure 5.18 The primary structure of a protein
Figure 1.5x DNA
Figure 5.16 Making a polypeptide chain
DNA
RNA
Protein
The information storehouse
Information Transfer tools
Working Cellular Machinery
Figure 17.3 The triplet code
DNA
Figure 19.x1a Chromatin
Figure 19.x1b Chromatin, detail
Thinking about the human genome
3.2X109 bp
If each base were one mm long…
2000 miles, across the center of Africa
DNA Replication
(DNA -> DNA)
Figure 16.6 Base pairing in DNA
Figure 16.12 The two strands of DNA are antiparallel
3D Model
Figure 16.11 Incorporation of a nucleotide into a DNA strand
DNA Replication Animation
Thinking about the human genome
3.2X109 bp
If each base were one mm long…
2000 miles, across the center of Africa
Average gene about 30 meters long
Occur about every 270 meters between them
Once spliced the message would only be ~1meter long
Only 1.5% actually codes for protein
About 10% falls in exons
50% is high copy number repeats
RNA
Transcription
(DNA -> RNA)
Transcription Animation
Figure 17.9 RNA processing: RNA splicing
Figure 17.11 Correspondence between exons and protein domains
Figure 17.3 The triplet code
Translation
(RNA -> Protein)
Figure 17.22 Coupled transcription and translation in bacteria
Table 17.1 Types of RNA in a Eukaryotic Cell
3 Types of RNA
Messenger RNA (mRNA)- carries information to be translated
into amino acid sequences to the ribosome
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)- the working “spine” of the ribosome
Transfer RNA (tRNA)- the “decoder keys” that will translate
nucleic acids to amino acids.
Figure 17.4 The dictionary of the genetic code
Figure 17.0 Ribosome
Figure 17.13b The structure of transfer RNA (tRNA)
Figure 17.14 An aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase joins a specific amino acid to a tRNA
Translation Animation
Figure 17.23 The molecular basis of sickle-cell disease: a point mutation
Figure 17.25 A summary of transcription and translation in a eukaryotic cell
Figure 18.7x1 HIV infection
CD4 Gene Structure in the Human Genome
Figure 19.9 A model for enhancer action
2003 saw 5 million new HIV cases
3 million deaths from HIV
Asia, Latin America
Figure 18.7x2 Couple at AIDS quilt