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Transcript
Protein Synthesis Chapter 10 RNA • ribonucleic acid • contains the sugar ribose, uses uracil instead of thymine • is single stranded • usually much shorter in length than DNA (about the length of one gene) RNA & Transcription During transcription, RNA polymerase binds to DNA and separates the DNA strands. RNA polymerase then uses one strand of DNA as a template from which nucleotides are assembled. RNA vs. DNA RNA • Single-stranded molecule in most of its biological roles and has a much shorter chain of nucleotides. • Contains ribose • Complementary nucleotide to adenine is uracil DNA • Double-stranded helix • Contains deoxyribose • Complementary nucleotide to adenine is thymine So why the big diff? How Genes Work • Genes are coded DNA instructions that control the production of proteins with in the cell. • The first thing that needs to happen is for DNA to be copied into RNA. (transcription) • Now the RNA contains the coded information for making proteins. The many faces of RNA • Messenger RNA (mRNA): carries copies of instructions for assemble of amino acids into proteins from DNA to the rest of the cell • Ribosomal RNA (rRNA): makes up the major part of the ribosome • Transfer RNA (tRNA): transfers amino acids to ribosomes during protein synthesis Vocab!! Yes!! The Genetic Code • mRNA has a “4” letter alphabet: A, U, C, G • “words” (codes) are only 3 letters long • each 3 letter “word” is called a codon The Genetic Code • Start codon: AUG – mRNA: indicates where translation should begin • Stop codons: UAA, UAG, UGA – Signal for translation to end The Genetic Code UCGCACGGU UCG-CAC-GGU Serine-Histidine-Glycine Translation Definitely a definition. • Decoding of a mRNA message into a polypeptide chain (amino acids) • Takes place on the ribosomes. DNA replication RNA transcription polypeptide mRNA translation Translation • mRNA has the codon • tRNA has the anticodon Summary
