Download DNA for Dummies Notes - Dr. Annette M. Parrott

DNA for Dummies
(and the intellectually astute)
A Dr.
Parrott Production
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Secret of Photo 51:
What organic polymer?
Made of what monomers?
Components?
Tour of the Basics
DNA Wrap Basic
DNA Wrap Advanced
DNA Coiling
Replication: DNADNA
• Occurs during S phase of
interphase in reproducing
cells only
• DNA template is copied
complimentarily and semi
conservatively
• Occurs only in the nucleus
Meselson-Stahl Experiment
How DNA Replicates
DNA Replication
Bidirectional Replication
Replication Complete
General DNA Workshop
Make a DNA strand complimentary to the following:
DNA1: ATG GTG CAC CTG ACT CCT GTG GAG AAG TCT
replication
DNA2: TAC
mRNA:
Amino Acids:
tRNA:
DNA Replication Basic
DNA Replication Fork
DNA Replication
DNA Polymerase
Rep Fork 2
Tran scription: DNAmRNA
• Occurs continually
throughout the cell
cycle with the
exception of mitosis
• Occurs in the
nucleus as
messenger RNA
copies DNA
RNA Splicing
Transcription
Transcription the Movie
Transcription Complete
Regulated Transcription
Make a DNA strand complimentary to the following:
DNA1: ATG GTG CAC CTG ACT CCT GTG GAG AAG TCT
DNA2: TAC
transcription
Transcribe the above DNA template into an mRNA:
mRNA: UAC
Amino Acids:
tRNA:
Translation: mRNAprotein
• Occurs continually throughout the cell cycle
• Occurs at the ribosome as it
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reads the mRNA codons
Matches codons to amino acids
Prompts tRNA to bring a.a.
Attaches a.a. with peptide bonds
DNA to Protein 2
PP Synthesis Walkthrough
Translation
• tRNA anticodon is
complimentary to mRNA
codon
• tRNA is specific to the
amino acid it brings
• Peptide bonds connect
amino acids to form
polypeptide (protein)
Translation Basic
Translation Advanced
Protein Synthesis 2
Translation the Movie
Protein Synthesis
Protein Synthesis
= Transcription + Translation
= DNA  proteins
Make a DNA strand complimentary to the following:
DNA: ATG GTG CAC CTG ACT CCT GTG GAG AAG TCT
DNA: TAC
mRNA (codons): UAC
translation
Translate the above mRNA strand into an amino
acid sequence (protein)
Amino Acids: Tyrosine
tRNA (anticodons):
• Watch RNAi Online:
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/sciencenow/321
0/02.html
Make a DNA strand complimentary to the following:
DNA: ATG GTG CAC CTG ACT CCT GTG GAG AAG TCT
DNA: TAC
mRNA (codons): UAC
Amino Acids: Tyrosine
What are the anticodons on the tRNA for the above strands?
tRNA (anticodons): AUG
To summarize…
Protein Synthesis
Mistakes/Mutations
• Mutation any permanent
alteration in the sequence
of DNA bases
• Mutagen causes a
mutation i.e. chemicals,
radiation, spontaneous
– Point mutations can result in
frameshifts in the reading
frame
– Chromosomal mutations can
result in translocations
– Immortal Thread
Mistakes/Mutations
• Silent mutation change in
n.t. sequence, but no
change in product
• Missense mutation
swapping of a.a. (sickle cell
anemia, PKU)
• Nonsense mutation
insertion of stop codon into
sequence
– Mutations & Sickle Cell, 2
– How Cancer Grows, 2
– Evolutionary Arms Race:
HIV Resistance, 2
Silent Mutation
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DNA Technology & Applications
What is the GPS & element?
What are
some
uses?
What are
some
examples
What are
some
pros?
What are
some
cons?
Medicine
Agriculture
Forensics
•Finding Disease Genes
•GMOs
•Crime Scene Investigation
•Gene therapy
•Drugs
•Biological Warfare
•Genetic Testing Ethics
•Bioengineering Body Parts
•RNAi Therapy
•Breast Cancer
•Alzheimer's Disease
•Plasmids & Protein
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The Right to Know
A Silent Forest
•Genealogy
•Classical vs Transgenic Breeding
•Bioremediation
•Biofuels
•Bt Corn
•Super Salmon, 2
•Harvest of Fear
•Babies by Design?
•Transgenic Mouse
•The Killer’s Trail
•Forensic Anthropology:
Immigration
•Laetoli Footprints
Resources
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DNA Learning Center: 3D Animations
Genetics Movies:
DNA Tutorial:
Bacterial Replication Animations:
Telomere Synthesis (shortening of linear chromosomes):
Gene Processing
Replication Animations:
Gene Expression Animations:
Gene Technology:
DNA the Secret of Life Video
Cracking the Code of Life Video
Beadle-Tatum Experiments (one gene, one pp)
Protein Synthesis Tutorial