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Transcript
Words to Know about Cells and the Parts of the Cells Key words Cell sel A membrane-covered structure that contains all of the materials necessary for life Homeostasis hO-mE-O-'stA-s&s The maintenance of a stable internal environment Unicellular yü-ni-'sel-y&-l&r Organisms made from a single cell Multicellular Organims made of many cells Prokaryotic prO-'ka-rE-"Ot/ Describes a cell that does not have a nucleus or any other membrane-covered organelles; example: bacteria Eukaryotic yü-'ker-E-"Ot, Describes a cell that has a nucleus; examples: animals and plants The Chemistry of Cells Metabolism m&-'ta-b&-"li-z&m The combined chemical processes that occur in a cell or living organism DNA DeoxyriboNucleic Acid; hereditary material that controls all the activities of a cell, contains the information to make new cells, and provides instructions for making proteins ATP Adenosine TriPhosphate; molecule that provides energy for a cell’s activities Nucleic acid nu-'klE-ik- A biochemical that stores information needed to build proteins and other nucleic acids; made up of subunits called nucleotides Protein 'prO-"tEn A biochemical that is composed of amino acids; its functions include regulating chemical reactions, transporting and storing materials, and providing support Carbohydrate • A biochemical composed of one or more simple sugars bonded together that is used as a source of energy and to store energy. Lipid A type of biochemical that does not dissolve in water, including fats and oils; lipids store energy and make up cell membranes. Phospholipid A molecule that forms much of a cell membrane Chlorophyll The green chemical pigment in chloroplasts that absorbs light energy for photosynthesis Organelles Organelle •Structures within a cell, sometimes surrounded by a membrane Cytoplasm •Cellular fluid surrounding a cell’s organelles Cell membrane • A phospholipid layer that covers a cell’s surface and acts as a barrier between the inside of a cell and the cell’s environment Nucleus • Membrane-covered organelle found in eukaryotic cells that contains a cell’s DNA and serves as a control center for the cell Mitochondria • Cell organelles surrounded by two membranes that break down food molecules to make ATP Ribosome •A small organelle in cells where proteins are made from amino acids Endoplasmic reticulum • A membrane-covered cell organelle that produces lipids, breaks down drugs and other substances, and packages proteins for delivery out of the cell Golgi complex • The cell organelle that modifies, packages, and transports materials out of the cell Vacuole • A large membranecovered structure found in plant cells that serve as storage containers for water and other liquids; animal cells have small vacuole. Lysosome • A special vesicle in cells that digest food particles, wastes and foreign invaders Vesicle • A membrane-covered compartment in a eukaryotic cell that forms when part of the cell membrane surrounds an object and pinches off. Plant organelles Cell wall • A structure that surrounds the cell membrane of some cells and provides strength and support to the cell membrane; found in plants, and fungi Chloroplast• An organelle found in plant and algae cells where photosynthesis occurs