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Transcript
Chapter 9.1 and 9.2 Cellular Growth and Mitosis notes Why does a cell divide? • As the cell gets larger, the surface area to volume ratio gets smaller • There are too many demands placed on the nucleus(specifically the DNA) • Too much difficulty moving things across the cell membrane • It takes too long for signaling proteins to travel the entire distance of the cell The Cell Cycle http://www.scq.ubc.ca/wp-content/cellcycle.gif Interphase • • • • • Most of a cell’s life is spent in Interphase Coined G1, S, and G2 The cell grows during G1 DNA is replicated (synthesis) during S The cell prepares for mitosis during G2 • Mitosis is the division of cells producing two cells with the same number of chromosomes Prophase • Longest phase of mitosis • Chromatin coils into chromosomes • Nuclear envelope disappears • Centrioles form and move to opposite poles of cell • Spindle fibers form from centrioles and begins to cross cell Metaphase • Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell • Spindle now forms across the cell Anaphase • Spindle fibers begin to shorten • Chromosomes are pulled apart • Now the chromosome halves are referred to as chromatids Telophase • Chromatids reach poles • Chromosomes unwind into chromatin • Spindle fibers break down • Nucleolus and nuclei reform • Plasma membrane begins to pinch in Cytokinesis • Division of cytoplasm • In animal cells: cell membrane continues to pinch in until two cells are formed • In plant cells: cell plate forms in center of cell and eventually splits cells • At the end of mitosis, two new cells are produced; called “daughter” cells Quiz 5 a. b. c. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. ** Anaphase d. metaphase g. telophase Chromatin e. mitosis Interphase f. prophase In _______ the chromosomes are split apart. Chromosomes are made up of _____________. In _______________ the nucleolus disappears and the nuclear membrane disintegrates. In _____________ the chromosomes reach the poles and the cell divides __________________ is the growth phase of the cell cycle. In ? the chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell. ?? Is how cells reproduce.