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Chapter 7
A View of the Cell
Questions from Chapter 7 Outline
1. WHO INVENTED THE MICROSCOPE?
2. NAME THE COMMON MICROSCOPE USED BY
BIOLOGIST?
3. STATE THE CELL THEORY.
4. NAME A MICROSCOPE THAT IS POWERFUL AND
USES MAGNETS.
5. WHAT ARE LITTLE ORGANS IN THE CELL CALLED?
6. WHAT TYPE OF CELLS HAS A TRUE NUCLEUS?
7. WHAT TYPE OF CELLS HAVE NO TRUE NUCLEUS?
8. WHAT STRUCTURE IN THE CELL CONTROLS ALL
CELL ACTIVITY?
9. WHAT STURCTURE HELPS MAINTAINS A BALANCE?
10. THE MODEL OF THE PLASMA MEMBRANCE IS
CALLED WHAT?
11. NAME 5 STRUCTURES IN THE CELL AND GIVE
THEIR FUNCTION.
I. A View of the Cell”
A. The cell is the basic units of living organisms.
B. Cell Theory
1.
Robert Hooke: coined the term “cell”. He was actually looking
at cell walls.
2.
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek: developed the first microscope
3.
Felix DuJardin: single cell organism are self-sufficient living
organisms
4.
Mathias Schleiden: botanist, stated all plants are made up of
cells
5.
Theordore Schwann: zoologist, stated all animals are made
up of cells.
6.
Rudoulf Virchow: stated all living cells come from other living
cells.
The Cell Theory
C. They (Schleiden/Schwann) proposed that:
1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells
2. The cell is the basic unit of organization of
organisms
3. All cells come from preexisting cells
II. Microscopes
A.
B.
C.
Compound Light Microscope —can
magnify up to 1,500 times—used to view
living cells, small organisms and
preserved cells
SEM (scanning electron microscope) —
can magnify up to 60,000 times—used to
view surface of cells
TEM (transmission electron microscope)
—can magnify up hundreds of thousands
of times—used to view structures inside
the cell
III. Inside the Cell
A.
Felix DuJardin
studied cells of
single-celled
organisms. He
found they were
self-sufficient
living organisms.
B. Nucleus: made up of
proteins, enzymes and
hereditary material. It is the
“Control Center” of the cell.
The nucleus directs all
activities of the cell.
C. Nucleolus: Plays an indirect
role in making proteins.
Found inside the nucleus.
D. Nuclear Membrane:
Enables the nucleus to
maintain a different
environment.
E. Organelles: Organized
structures within the cells.
Term means “Little Organs”.
They carry out life functions
of the cell.
Inside The Cell
IV. Cellular Framework and Movement.
A. Cytoskeleton: framework of a cell.
– 2 Parts
• Microfilaments: Provides
structural support and assist cell
movement.
• Microtubules: help organelles
move in the cell.
MOVEMENT
External appendages that aid in
movement
B. Flagella: whip like structure
C. Cilia: hair like structure
V. Other Cellular Organelles.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Chlorophyll: Green pigment in plants.
Chloroplast: contains the green pigment
used in photosynthesis. (only in plants)
Cell wall: provides protection and support
for the cell. (Plants only)
Cell membrane or plasma membrane:
found in plants and animals. Function is to
regulate movement of materials in and out
of the cell. “Gate keeper” and “Maintains
Homeostasis”
Nuclear membrane: Enables the nucleus
to maintain a different environment.
More Organelles in the Cell
F.
G.
H.
I.
Cytoplasm: clear gel-like material. Carries
on anaerobic respiration. (Life functions are
carried out in the cytoplasm)
Golgi Bodies: Packages substances that
are to be secreted from the cell. “Protein
Package Station”
Centrioles: (Animals only) important in
reproduction and cell division
Ribosomes: site for making proteins.
“Protein Factory”
More Cell Organelles
J.
K.
L.
Endoplasmic Reticulum: Involved in protein
production and transport. (2 types Smooth and
Rough) Ribosomes attached to the Rough ER
Mitochondria: site of cellular respiration
“Power House” HAS ITS’ OWN DNA
Vacuole: storage of food, enzymes and things
needed by the cell. “Store House”
– ***Generally large in plant cells.***
M.
Lysosomes: contain digestive enzymes
sometimes referred to as “suicide sacs”
VI. Two Types of
Cells
1. Prokaryotes:
nucleus not
enclosed in a
nuclear
membrane.
2. Eukaryotes:
have organelles
and nucleus is
enclosed in a
membrane.
VII. Cellular Levels of Organization.
Cells
Tissues
Organs
Organ System
Organism
VIII.
A.
B.
C.
The Plasma Membrane
In order for cells to live, they must be in
balance with the environment around
them. This balance is homeostasis.
It is the job of the plasma membrane to
maintain homeostasis “steady state”
It allows a steady supply of nutrients such
as glucose, amino acids, lipids….etc to
pass in and out of the cell.
IX. Plasma Membrane
A. Selective permeability:
Allows some molecules to pass
through while keeping other out.
ex. screen in window on a house
B. Cells
exist in a water
environment (inside &outside)
water can flow freely in and out
of the cell
X. Structure of the Plasma Membrane
A. Phospholipid (double layer) p. 177
1. Polar Head (phosphate)
(head is hydrophilic…-love water)
2. Nonpolar Tail (fatty acid)
(tail is hydrophobic…-avoids water)
B. The model of the plasma membrane is
called the fluid mosaic model
—because it is flexible (it can move and
flow), also transport proteins in the
membrane move materials (food/waste)…
Word Bank for Video “Cells, the
Building Blocks of Life”
Prokaryote
Homeostasis
Lysosomes
Active Transport
Golgi Bodies
Ribosomes
Enzymes
Chloroplasts
Photosynthesis
DNA
Microtubles
Diffusion
Flagella
Mitochondria Glucose
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Coenzymes Cytoplasm
Stimuli
Cell
Vacuoles
Cilia
Eukaryote
Chloroplasts
Nucleus
ATP
PARTS OF THE CELL
Directions: Match the descriptions
with the correct organelle
____1. holds nucleus together
____2. surface for chemical activity
____3. units of heredity
____4. digestion center
____5. where proteins are made
____6. structures involved in mitosis in animal cells only
____7. hollow cylinder that supports and shapes cell
____8. shapes and supports a plant cell
____9. stores and releases chemicals
____10. food for plant cells is made here
____11. spherical body within nucleus
____12. maintains homeostasis
____13. traps light and is used to produce food for plants
____14. chromosomes are found here
____15. jellylike substance within cell
____16. contains code which guides all cell activities
____17. minute hole in nuclear membrane
____18. “powerhouse” of cell (has its’ own DNA)
____19. contains water and dissolved minerals
____20. stores food or contains pigment
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
H.
I.
J.
WORD BANK
Golgi Bodies
K. Chloroplasts
Nucleus
L. Cell/Plasma Membrane
Chromosomes
M. Cell Wall
Vacuole
N. Mitochondria
Ribosomes
O. Lysosome
Endoplasmic Reticulum
P. Genes
Nuclear Membrane
Q. Nuclear Pore
Centrioles
R. Nucleolus
Cytoplasm
S. Plastid
Chlorophyll
T. Microtubule
Quiz
“View of the Cell”
Chp. 1
Matching
1. Invented the first microscope.
2. Controls the activities of the cell “control center”
3. ___ cells contain membrane-bound organelles.
4. Stated all animals have cells
5. All cells come from preexisting ___.
6. Coined the term “cell”
7. Stated all living cells come from other living cells.
8. Short, hair like structures… (used in movement)
9. The __ is the basic unit of structure and organization of organisms.
10. Gives structure and support ( in plant cell only)
11. Stated that one-cell organisms are self-sufficient living things.
12. Any substance that forms hydrogen ions in water.
13. __ are small, specialized structures found in cells.
14. Four macromolecules important to life
15. Used to enlarge objects
16. The pH scale
17. Stated all plants have cells
18. Movement from an area of high concentration to low concentration
19. Four elements found in living things
20. Long projection… whip like structure (used in movement)
21. Green pigment in plants
22. Stores food, water … “Storehouse
23. Has its own DNA
“Powerhouse”
24. All organisms are composed of one or more ____.
25. ___ cells do not contain any membrane-bound organelles.
TERMS
A. Theodor Schwann
A. Felix DuJardin
B. Robert Hooke
B. Chlorophyll
C. Mathias Schleiden
C. Cells
D. Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
D. Mitochondria
E. Rudolf Virchow
E. Prokaryotic
A. Eukaryotes
A. Cilia
B. Vacuole
B. Flagella
C. Organelles
C. Microscope
D. Nucleus
D. (0-14)
E. Cell Wall
E. (1 -7 – 14)
Chp. 7 Vocabulary Test
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Applied Biology Chemistry
Coined the term “cell”
Invented the first microscope
Stated that single cell organisms are self-sufficient living things.
Stated all animals have cells
Stated all plants have cells
Stated all cell come from existing cells
Clear gel-like substance
Involved in protein productions and transport
Movement of water molecules
“Powerhouse” Has its’ own DNA
Packages substances that are to be secreted from the cell
Organized structures in the cell “Little Organs”
“Center of control” controls all the cell activities
Site of protein synthesis
Provides protection and support for the cell (Plant Only)
“Store House” stores food, water, waste….
Movement of molecules from high concentration to low concentration
A cell without membrane-bound organelles
A cell with membrane-bound organelles
Contains digestive enzymes “suicide sacs”
Enables the nucleus to maintain a different environment
Maintains homeostasis in the cell
Projections that move with a whip-like motion
Short, numerous, hair-like projections that allow movement
Green pigment in plants
Aides in transport…site of cellular chemical reactions
WORD BANK
Cell Wall
E. Endoplasmic Reticulum
Chlorophyll
A. Lysosome
Chloroplast
B. Flagella
Cytoplasma
C. Nuclear Membrane
Chromosome
D. Plasma Membrane
Prokaryote
E. Golgi Apparatus
Eukaryote
A. Matthias Schleiden
Mitochondria
B. Robert Hooke
Nucleus
C. Antan Van Leeuwenhoek
Organelles
D. Theodor Schwann
Ribosomes
E. Rudolf Virchow
Vacuole
A. Felix DeJardin
Diffusion
B. Centrioles
Osmosis
C. Nucleolus