Download Cell Organelles

BELLRINGER
MAKE A QUICK DRAWING OF A PLANT
OR ANIMAL CELL IN THE BELLRINGER
SECTION OF YOUR NOTEBOOK. USE PG.
56-57 OF YOUR TEXTBOOK TO HELP
YOU. LABEL THE PARTS.
Definition of Cell
A cell is the smallest unit that is
capable of performing life
functions.
Examples of Cells
Amoeba Proteus
Plant Stem
Bacteria
Red Blood Cell
Nerve Cell
Cell Theory
Cells were discovered in 1665 by Robert
Hooke.
Early studies of cells were conducted by
- Mathias Schleiden (1838)
- Theodor Schwann (1839)
Schleiden and Schwann proposed the Cell
Theory.
5
Cell Theory
All organisms are composed of one or
more cells.
Cells are the smallest living units of all
living organisms.
Cells arise only by division of a previously
existing cell.
Two Types of Cells
•Prokaryotic
•Eukaryotic
Prokaryotic
Do not have
structures
surrounded by
membranes
Few internal
structures
One-celled
organisms,
Bacteria
http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/prokaryotic_cells.html
Prokaryotic Cell Structure
Prokaryotic Cells are smaller and
simpler in structure than eukaryotic
cells.
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Prokaryotic cells do NOT have:
Nucleus
Membrane bound organelles
Prokaryotic Cell Structure
Structures
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Plasma membrane
Cell wall
Cytoplasm with ribosomes
Nucleoid
Capsule*
Flagella* and pili*
*present in some, but not all prokaryotic cells
Eukaryotic
Contain organelles surrounded by membranes
Most living organisms
Plant
http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/eukaryotic_cells.html
Animal
Eukaryotic Cells
Structures in all eukaryotic cells
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Nucleus
Ribosomes
Endomembrane System
Endoplasmic reticulum – smooth and rough
Golgi apparatus
Vesicles
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Mitochondria
Cytoskeleton
Eukaryotic Cells
Eukaryotic cells include plant and animal
cells.
Most Eukaryotes are multicellular.
REMEMBER: The difference between a
plant and animal cell is that a plant cell has
a cell wall, large central vacuole, and
chloroplasts. Plant and animal cells are
BOTH eukaryotes!!!
What does the Eukaryotic Cell have that
Prokaryotic Cells does not?
Prokaryotic
No nucleus
No membrane bound
organelles
Circular DNA
Eukaryotic
Has a nucleus
Has membrane bound
organelles
Cell Organelles
© J Beauchemin 2006
Cell Organelles
Organelle= “little
organ”
Found only inside
eukaryotic cells
Everything in a cell
except the organelles
is cytoplasm.
Cytoplasm
Gel-like mixture
Surrounded by cell membrane
Contains hereditary material
Cell Membrane
Boundary of the cell
All cells have a cell membrane
It separates the cells contents from its
environment
Controls movement of materials into and out
of the cell.
Nucleus
Control center of the
cell
Contains DNA
Surrounded by a
double membrane
Usually the easiest
organelle to see under
a microscope
Usually one per cell
Nucleolus
Inside nucleus
Contains RNA to build
proteins
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Chromosomes
In nucleus
Made of DNA
Contain instructions
for traits &
characteristics
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Cell Wall
Found in plant and
bacterial cells
Rigid, protective
barrier
Located outside of the
cell membrane
Made of cellulose
(fiber)
Cytoskeleton
Acts as skeleton and
muscle
Provides shape and
structure
Helps move
organelles around the
cell
Made of a web of
proteins
Endoplasmic
Reticulum
A.k.a. “ER”
Connected to nuclear
membrane
Highway of the cell
Rough ER: studded
with ribosomes; it
makes proteins
Smooth ER: no
ribosomes; it makes
lipids
Ribosome
Site of protein
synthesis
Found attached to
rough ER or floating
free in cytoplasm.
Produced in a part of
the nucleus called the
nucleolus (inner part
of nucleus)
Golgi Complex-Is responsible for sorting and correctly
shipping the proteins produced in the ER.
-Just like our postal packages which should
have a correct shipping address, the proteins
produced in the ER should be correctly sent to
their respective address.
-In the cell, shipping and sorting is done by the
Golgi complex. It is a very important step in
protein synthesis.
Vesicles
-This term literally means "small vessel".
-This organelle helps store and transport products
produced by the cell.
-The vesicles are the transport and delivery vehicles like
our mail and Federal Express trucks.
Lysosomes
Garbage disposal
of the cell
Contain digestive
enzymes that
break down old
cell organelles
and wastes
Mitochondria
“Powerhouse of the
cell”
Cellular respiration
occurs here to release
energy for the cell to
use
Bound by a double
membrane
Chloroplast
Found only in plant
cells
Contains the green
pigment chlorophyll
Site of food (glucose)
productionPHOTOSYNTHESIS
Bound by a double
membrane
Vacuoles
Large central vacuole
usually in plant cells
Many smaller
vacuoles in animal
cells
Storage container for
water, food, enzymes,
wastes, pigments, etc.
Centriole
Aids in cell division
Quick Review
Which organelle is the control center of the cell?
Nucleus
Which organelle holds the cell together?
Cell membrane
Which organelles are not found in animal cells?
Cell wall, central vacuole, chloroplasts
Which organelle helps plant cells make food?
Chloroplasts
What does E.R. stand for?
Endoplasmic reticulum