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Transcript
Cell structures & Functions Animal Cell Plant Cell Bacterial Cell Organelles • Structures that carry out a specific activities in the cell. • Found in the cytoplasm Cell membrane • Location: Surrounding the cell • Function: Controls the movement of materials into and out of the cell – “Selectively permeable” •Made of proteins and phospholipids Cytoplasm • Location: most of cell • Function: jelly like substance that provides support for organelles, and a place for reactions to occur. Nucleus • Location: center of cell, bound by the nuclear membrane. • Function: controls the normal activities of the cell. –Contains chromosomes! Nucleolus • Location: inside Nucleus • Function: makes ribosomes. Ribosomes • Location: cytoplasm, and on the Rough ER • Function: structure on which proteins are made. Endoplasmic Reticulum A highly folded membrane used to move proteins through the cell. Two types: • Smooth ER –lacks ribosomes • Rough ER –has ribosomes on its surface Can you tell rough ER from smooth ER? Golgi Apparatus • Flattened membrane bound sacs • Function: packaging and distribution center -Contains enzymes that modify proteins received in vesicles from the ER. -Then repackaged in new vesicles to be shipped out Lysosome • Small, spherical vesicles Function: Contains cells digestive enzymes – Breaks down foods, and worn out cell parts Mitochondria • Function: harvests energy from organic compounds to make ATP (energy) • Has its own DNA and ribosomes • Primitive prokaryotes are the ancestors of mitochondria Cytoskeleton • Made up of Microtubules & Microfilaments • Function: Structure & support Plant Cells Chloroplast • Function: photosynthesis - traps sunlight to make sugars (food) • Contain green pigment called chlorophyll Vacuole • Function: stores compounds such as sugars, proteins, minerals, wastes, & pigments, maintains cell structure (turgidity) • Large single central vacuole Cell wall • Function: Gives shape to cell, protection, support, prevents excess water entry & “Lysing” • Made of cellulose, very rigid • Outside cell membrane Differences between plant cells and animal cells • • • • • • Animal Cell Smaller in size Irregular shape Nucleus in center No cell wall Vacuole small or none at all • No chloroplasts • • • • • • Plant Cell Larger in size Regular shape Nucleus against wall Cell wall Single large Central vacuole • Chloroplasts Cells viewed in Lab Cork Cells 10X Elodea cells Chloroplasts 40X 100X Onion Cell Nucleus Cheek cells