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Transcript
Cell Theory Galileo • First observations made with a microscope Robert Hooke • Made simple microscope • Looked at cork – observed small box like structures – Called them cellulae (small rooms) = cells Cell Theory Anton van Leewenhoek • Created a microscope • Saw living things in milk, pond water, etc Matthias Schlieden • Looked at plants and concluded they were composed of cells Cell Theory Theodore Schwann • Animals composed of cells Rudolph Virchow • All cells are produced from the division of existing cells Cell Theory 1. All living things are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the basic unit of structure and organization of all living organisms 3. Cells arise only from previously existing cells 1. Cells pass on copies of their genetic material to their daughter cells Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic ** Organelles – specialized structures in cells that carryout specific functions Prokaryotic Cells • Prokaryotes • Small and simple • No nucleus or membrane bound organelles • Usually unicellular – Bacteria Eukaryotic Cells • Eukaryotes • Higher level organisms and function • Most organisms are made up of eukaryotic cells • Nucleus –organelle that contains DNA – Other membrane bound organelles What are all living things composed of? Agenda for Tuesday Nov. 2nd 1. Cell theory 2. Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells 3. Cell structure List the 3 parts of Cell Theory Agenda for Thursday Feb 10th 1. Organelle Notes 2. Cell City Analogy 3. Cell Coloring Organelles in the Cell • Plasma membrane – Controls what enters and leaves cell – Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells • Cell Wall – plants and fungi – support and protect the cell – Plants’ cell walls composed of cellulose – fungi have walls composed of chitin Organelles in the Cell • Nucleus - contains DNA – DNA – instructions needed to produce proteins that control metabolism and other cell functions • Cytoplasm - material enclosed by the plasma membrane – Liquid within the cell Organelles • Nucleolus – within nucleus – Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is created here • Nucleoplasma Organelles – ER • • • • • Single, continuous membrane Pipes, tubes and tunnels in cell Continuous with nuclear envelope Superhighway of the cell 2 kinds: Rough ER + Smooth ER – Rough ER - Studded, or covered, with ribosomes • Major site of protein synthesis Golgi Apparatus • Handles export and import of material for cell Functions: • Storage, packaging, sorting and final touches and modification of proteins before exportation • The UPS of the cell Vesicles and Vacuoles Transport Vesicles • Transport material from ER to Golgi • Transport of finished product from Golgi to Cell Membrane for export (reversed for import) Lysosomes &Peroxisomes • Contain digestive enzymes • Breakdown cell's food and wastes • Detox alcohols and hydrogen peroxide Mitochondria • Produces energy for the cell – Cell's "power house" • Composed of 2 membranes – Cristae = folds of inner membrane, site of energy production – Matrix = fluid inside mitochondria Chloroplasts • • • • • • Found only in green plant cells and algae Site of photosynthesis Contain the pigment chlorophyll Thylkaloid – single disk, site of photosynthesis Grana = stacks of thylkaloid Stroma = fluid inside chloroplast Cytoskeleton • Framework of protein fibers inside cell • Support and movement (dynamic) Composed of: • Microfilaments = thinnest (actin) • Intermediate filaments = (composition varies) • Microtubules = thickest (tubulin) What are some differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? Agenda for Friday Feb 11th 1. Quiz 2. Finish Coloring 3. Cell City Analogy Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Prokaryotic Cells • Prokaryotes • Small and simple • No nucleus or membrane bound organelles • Usually unicellular – Bacteria Eukaryotic Cells • Eukaryotes • Higher level organisms and function • Most organisms are made up of eukaryotic cells • Nucleus –organelle that contains DNA – Membrane bound organelles Plant vs. Animal Cell Plant Cells • Cell Wall – And cell membrane • Chloroplasts • Large vacuoles Animal Cells • No Cell wall – Cell membrane only • No Chloroplast • Small or absent vacuoles All other organelles are the same in each cell What are some differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? Agenda for Friday Nov 5th 1. Quiz 2. Cell Review 1. Questions 14-18, 21-22, 38-46 starting on page 175 2. Questions 3,4,& 5 on page 186 3. Questions 1,2,4,5 on Page 200