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__________________________________________ OXYGEN, (O) ____________ ____________ CARBON, (C) ____________(H) HYDROGEN, ____________ NITROGEN, (N) ____________ CALCIUM, (Ca) ____________(P) PHOSPHORUS, _OTHER_____ ____________ SULFUR, (S) 97% of living things are made up of: Oxygen, Carbon Hydrogen and Nitrogen HOOKE _____________ CORK The first to IDENTIFY ____________ cells. Responsible NAMING for ____________ them LEEUWENHOEK _____________ SCHLEIDEN SCHWANN VIRCHOW _____________ _____________ _____________ ANIMALCULES Made better LENSES ______________ and observed cells in greater DETAIL ______________. First to observe NUCLEUS ______________ RESPONSIBLE FOR CELL THEORY The first to note Concluded that all LIVING ___________ that THINGS ___________ _____________ PLANTS were made up of were made up of CELLS ___________ CELLS ___________ Proposed that all cells come from OTHER ____________ __________ CELLS ALL ORGANISMS ARE MADE OF CELLS 1. ___________________________________________________________ THE CELL IS THE MOST BASIC UNIT OF LIFE. 2. ___________________________________________________________ ALL EXISTING CELLS ARE PRODUCED BY OTHER LIVING CELLS 3. ___________________________________________________________ http://www.johnkyrk.com/CellIndex.html _________________________________________________ The outer most side of an animal cell, that gives the cell shape _________________________________________________ and holds in cytoplasm. _________________________________________________ (Also contains pores to allow some particles to move in and _________________________________________________ out of the cell.) CELL _______________ MEMBRANE _______________ The clear, jellylike material between the cell membrane ____________________________________________ and the nucleus that makes up most of the cell ____________________________________________ (Most of all cell activity occurs here.) ____________________________________________ CYTOPLASM _______________ The control center of the cell. ___________________________________________________ Parts of the Nucleus: _________________________________________________ Nuclear Membrane: The membrane that surrounds the nucleus. __________________________________ Nuclear Pores: allow some particles to move in and out of the nucleus __________________________________ Nucleolus __________________________________ Chromosomes __________________________________ NUCLEUS _______________ The membrane that surrounds the nucleus. ________________________________________ Nuclear Membrane in Green NUCLEAR _______________ MEMBRANE _______________ NUCLEAR _______________ PORES _______________ __________________________________________ Thread-like cell parts with information that __________________________________________ determines what traits a living thing will have. Chromosomes in Red CHROMOSOMES _______________ HELPS MAKE RIBOSOMES. ________________________________________ NUCLEOLUS _______________ Responsible for supplying ENERGY to the cell. _________________________________________________________________________ MITOCHONDRIA ____________ Helps digest, (break down), waste materials of cell. ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ LYSOSOMES ____________ Packages materials for the cell. _______________________________________ ______________ GOLGI ______________ APPARATUS ___________________________________________________ Moves cell materials from cell membrane to nuclear _____________________________________ membrane and visa versa. ____________________________________________ (Can usually find ribosomes on this network.) ENDOPLASMIC _______________ RETICULUM _______________ MAKES PROTEINS FOR THE BODY. _____________________________________ FOUND ON ENDOPLASMICE RETICULUM AND ____________________________________________________ THROUGHOUT CYTOPLASM _________________________________________ RIBOSOMES _______________ Parts of an ANIMAL cell that help with cell REPRODUCTION ____________________________________________ Stores food and water for cell _______________________________________ ANIMAL CELL Contains many small vacuoles ____________________________ PLANT CELL _____________________________ Contains one large “central _____________________________ vacuole that takes up most of _____________________________ the space inside of a plant cell VACUOLE ________ The outer most side of an plant cell, (surrounds the cell _______________________________________________________ membrane), that gives the cell structure, and a specific shape. _______________________________________________________ (More rigid than cell membrane.) _______________________________________________________ ______ CELL ______ WALL The ____________________________________________ plant cell parts that contain the green pigment, ____________________________________________ chlorophyll, which are responsible for ____________________________________________ producing food. ______________________ CHLOROPLASTS Label the organelles of this animal cell. 1. NUCLEOLUS _________________ 2. NUCLEUS _________________ 3. RIBOSOMES _________________ 4. VESICLE _________________ 5. ROUGH _________________ ER 6. GOLGI _________________ BODIES 7. CELL _________________ MEMBRANE 8. SMOOTH _________________ ER 9. MITOCHONDRIA _________________ 10. VACUOLE _________________ 11. CYTOPLASM _________________ 12. LYSOSOME _________________ 13. CENTRIOLES _________________ 2. ____________ 3. ____________ 1. ____________ 8. ____________ 4. ____________ 7. ____________ 6. ____________ 5. ____________ 1._____________ 2._____________ 3._____________ 12.__________ 4._____________ 5._________ 6._________ 7.________ 9._____________ 8._____________ 12._______ 10.___________ 11.___________ 3._________ 1.____________ 2.____________ 4._________ 6._________ 5._________ 7._________ 8._________ 9._________ 10.___________ 12.___________ 11.___________ 2._________________ 1._____________ 3.__________ 4.______________ 5.______________ 6.________________ 7._________________ 1._____________ 2.____________ 3.____________ 4.____________ 10.____________ 5._____________ 6._____________ 9.____________ 7.____________ 8.____________ 2._______________ 3._______________ 4.______________ 1._______________ 5._______________ 6._______________ 7._______________ 8._______________ 2.__________________ 1.__________________ 12.__________________ 3._______________ 4.______________ 11.__________________ 10.__________________ 5._______________ 9.__________________ 8.__________________ 7.__________________ 6.__________________ 11._____________________ 10.___________ 9._____________________ 1. _________ 8. ______________________ 7. ______________________ 6. ______________________ 5. ______________________ 3. _______________ 2. ____________ 4. ______________________ 1. _____________ 2. _____________ 12. _____________ 11. _____________ 10. _____________ 9. _____________ 3. _____________ 8. _____________ 7. _____________ 6. ________________ 4. _____________ 5. _____________ 1. ____________________ 2. ____________________ 3. ___________ 11. __________ 4. __________ 5. ___________ 6. ___________ 7. ___________ 10. ____________ 8. _________ 9. ____________________ 1. ____________________ 10. ____________________ 2. ____________________ 3. ____________________ 9. ____________________ 4. ____________________ 8. ____________________ 5. ____________________ 7. ____________________ 6. ____________________ 3.4 Diffusion and Osmosis KEY CONCEPT Materials move across membranes because of concentration differences. 3.4 Diffusion and Osmosis Passive transport - does not require energy input from a cell. • Molecules can move across the cell membrane through passive transport. • There are two types of passive transport. • diffusion • osmosis 3.4 Diffusion and Osmosis • Osmosis - is the diffusion of water molecules across a semipermeable membrane. • Diffusion – movement of a substance from where there is a large amount to where there is a small amount 3.4 Diffusion and Osmosis • There are three types of solutions. • isotonic – concentrations are equal hypertonic – solution has more solutes than a cell, cell shrivels and dies • Hypotonic – solution has fewer solutes than a cell, cell expands and may burst • hypertonic hypotonic 3.4 Diffusion and Osmosis Some molecules can only diffuse through transport proteins. • Some molecules cannot easily diffuse across the cell membrane. • Facilitated diffusion diffusion through transport proteins. 3.5 Active Transport, Endocytosis, and Exocytosis Active transport - Cells use energy to transport materials that cannot diffuse across a membrane. 3.5 Active Transport, Endocytosis, and Exocytosis A cell can import and export large materials or large amounts of material in vesicles during the processes of endocytosis and exocytosis. • Cells use energy to transport material in vesicles. • Exocytosis - the process of expelling material from inside the cell to outside the cell. • Endocytosis - the process of taking material into the cell • Phagocytosis - a type of endocytosis CELL TISSUE leaf stem vascular tissue ORGAN lateral roots primary root shoot system SYSTEMS root system • Tissues - groups of cells that perform a similar function. • Organs - groups of tissues that perform a specific or related function. • Organ systems - groups of organs that carry out similar functions.