Download The Cell - Simpson

The Cell
And all its parts!
The cell
The basic unit of structure and function in
all living things.
The average cell is between 2 and
200µm (micrometers).
To give you an idea of how big a micrometer is,
the thickness of a strand of human hair ranges
from 50 to 200 micrometers. Dark hair is
usually thicker than blonde hair.
The smallest particle that can be seen by the
human eye is about 10 micrometers. The
eyepiece of your microscope has a special tool
to measure micrometers.
Cells Alive
Entering (and exiting) the cell
CELL WALL
A stiff wall that surrounds
the cell membrane, giving
the cell a rigid boxlike
shape
Function: protection &
support
This structure is found in
plant & bacteria cells
CELL MEMBRANE
Forms the outside
boundary that separates
the cell from its
environment
Function: controls what
comes in and out of the
cell
Cell Wall/ Cell Membrane
Cell Wall/Cell Membrane
_________________
_____________
Nucleus
Acts as the “brain” of
the cell or the control
center
Directs all of the cell’s
activities
Where DNA is found
Nucleus
Cells without a nucleus: prokaryotes
Cells with a nucleus: eukaryotes
___________________________
___________________________
Nucleus
The nucleus of the cell contains the
genetic information (DNA)
Nuclear Membrane
Surrounds nucleus
Made of two layers
Openings allow
material to enter
and leave nucleus
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Nucleolus
Inside
nucleus
Contains
RNA to build
proteins
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Chromosomes
In nucleus
Made of DNA
Contain
instructions for
traits &
characteristics
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Cytoplasm
A gel-like fluid found throughout the entire
cell wherein the organelles are found.
It is constantly moving so the cell does not
need to propel itself.
Mitochondria
The “powerhouse” of
the cell
Produces energy for
the cell
Ribosomes
–“Factories” that produce protein
Endoplasmic Reticulum
–Carry proteins and other materials
from one part of the cell to another
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Moves materials
around in cell
Smooth type: lacks
ribosomes
Rough type
(pictured):
ribosomes
embedded in
surface
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Endoplasmic Reticulum &
Ribosomes
Golgi Bodies
The cell’s “mailroom”
Receives proteins
and other materials
from the
ER, packages them
and distributes them
to other parts of the
cell.
VACUOLES
Storage area of the cell
Stores food and water
Plants have one large vacuole for water
Some animal cells have them & others do
not
Lysosomes
Cell’s cleanup crew
Breaks down old cell parts and releases
the substances so they can be used again.
Chloroplasts
Capture energy from
the sunlight and use it
to produce food for
the cell
Found only in the
plant cell
Eukaryotes
•Nucleus has a permeable
membrane surrounding it
•Nucleus contains the organism’s genetic
material (DNA)
•Most organelles also have a membrane
around them
•Mostly eukaryotic kingdoms are
multicellular
Plant Cells
Larger
vacuoles
Chloroplast
Cell wall
Cells have
definite shape
Animal Cells
Smaller vacuoles,
some have no
vacuoles
No cell wall and no
chloroplast
More lysosomes
More mitochondria
Prokaryotes
•Bacteria
Kingdoms
ONLY
•Have no nucleus (lack a nucleus)
•Have only ribosomes, cytoplasm, and genetic
material (DNA or RNA)
•Genetic material floats freely in the cytoplasm (No
nucleus)
•Cell Wall and cell membrane
•ALL unicellular