Download Chapter Eight - Danes. . .Back to Basics!!!

Throughout this presentation, please
answer all questions in complete
sentences and complete mini
assignments where requested.
Cell
Tissue
Organ
Organ System
Organism
 The
Cell
› The basic unit of an organism
› Discovery made possible by
the invention of the
microscope

1.)

2.)

3.)
All
organisms are made up
of one or more cells.
Cells carry out the functions
needed to support life.
All cells come from other
cells all ready in existence.
Prokaryotic
 Eukaryotic

Archaebacteria are found in extreme
environments such as hot boiling water
and thermal vents under conditions with
no oxygen or highly acid environments.

Like archaebacteria, bacteria are
complex and single celled. Most bacteria
are in the BACTERIA domain. They are the
kinds found everywhere and are the ones
people are most familiar with.
Bacteria
Archaea

Has chloroplasts, central vacuole, and
cell wall

Has lysosomes.
Animal Cell
Plant Cell

2) Eukaryote
1) Prokaryote
› Has several
› Lacks internal
internal structures
compartments.
(organelles).
› True nucleus.
› No true nucleus.
› Either unicellular
› Most are singleor multicellular.
celled
unicellular
(unicellular)
example: yeast
organisms.
multicellular
examples:
› Examples:
plants and
bacteria
animals
Cellular Organelles
5.) For each of the following organelles,
please record the following information
of each:
 A.) Category
 B.) Organelle Name
 C.) Function
 D.) Plant cell OR Animal cell OR both
 E.) Picture
*** You may choose to create a table with
the above headings to fill in. you will
need space for 15 organelles.*** (Table =
5 across x 16 down)
Category
Name of
Organelle
Function
Plant/
Animal/
Both
Picture
***DO NOT DRAW LINES UNTIL YOU
HAVE WRITTEN ALL INFORMATION***
A) Plasma Membrane
-- Serves as a boundary
between the cell and its
external environment.
-- Allows materials to
pass in and out of the cell.
B) Cell Wall
-- Surrounds the plasma
membrane of the cells of
plants, bacteria, and fungi.
-- Plant cell walls contain
cellulose while fungi cell walls
contain chitin.
A) Nucleus
 Regulates cell function.
 Surrounded by a doublelayered membrane (nuclear
enveloped) with large pores
that allow materials to pass
in and out of the nucleus.
 Contains chromatin – long
tangles of DNA.
B) Nucleolus
 Found in the nucleus and
responsible for ribosome
production.
 Ribosomes are the sites of
protein production.
A.) Cytoplasm
 The jelly-like material
that surrounds the
organelles.
A) Endoplasmic reticulum
 Folded membrane that acts
as the cell’s delivery system.
 Smooth E.R. contains
enzymes for lipid synthesis.
 Rough E.R. is studded with
ribosomes for protein
synthesis.
B) Golgi apparatus (or Golgi
body)
 A series of flattened sacs
where newly made lipids and
proteins from the E.R. are
repackaged and shipped to
the plasma membrane.
A) Vacuoles
 A sac of fluid surrounded
by a membrane used to
store food, fluid, or
waste products.
B) Lysosomes
 Contain a digestive
enzyme.
 Can fuse with vacuoles to
digest food, or can digest
worn cell parts.
 Also known as “suicide
sacs” because they can also
destroy the whole cell.
Mitochondria
 Produce the
energy for
the cell.
 Also known
as the
“powerhouse
of the cell”.
 Has a highly
folded inner
membrane
(cristae).
B) Chloroplasts
-- Found in plant cells and
some protists.
-- Transforms light energy
into chemical energy which
is stored in food molecules.
-- Contain chlorophyll – a
green pigment that traps
light energy and gives
plants their green color.
› Cytoskeleton
 A network of thin, fibrous
materials that act as a scaffold
and support the organelles.
 Microtubules – hollow filaments
of protein.
 Microfilaments – solid filaments
of protein.
1) Cilia
 Short, numerous, hair-like
projections from the plasma
membrane.
 Move with a coordinated
beating action.
B) Flagella
 Longer, less numerous
projections from the plasma
membrane.
 Move with a whiplike action.
Centrioles
– made of protein.
– play a role in the splitting of the
cell into two cells.
– found in animal and fungi cells.
#6:
Quiz yourself… How
many parts of the cell can you
label before you check your
G
answer??
C
D
H
A
B
E
J
K
F
Composite Animal Cell
I
Composite Animal Cell