* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Bio 103 Cells Chp 4
Survey
Document related concepts
Cytoplasmic streaming wikipedia , lookup
Biochemical switches in the cell cycle wikipedia , lookup
Signal transduction wikipedia , lookup
Cell nucleus wikipedia , lookup
Tissue engineering wikipedia , lookup
Cell membrane wikipedia , lookup
Extracellular matrix wikipedia , lookup
Cell encapsulation wikipedia , lookup
Programmed cell death wikipedia , lookup
Cell growth wikipedia , lookup
Cellular differentiation wikipedia , lookup
Cell culture wikipedia , lookup
Organ-on-a-chip wikipedia , lookup
Cytokinesis wikipedia , lookup
Transcript
http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/begin/cells/scale/ Cell Structure Chapter 4 Cell Theory Cells were discovered in 1665 by Robert Hooke. Early studies of cells were conducted by - Mathias Schleiden (1838) - Theodor Schwann (1839) Schleiden and Schwann proposed the Cell Theory. 2 Cell Theory Cell Theory 1. All organisms are composed of cells. 2. Cells are the smallest living things. 3. Cells arise only from pre-existing cells. All cells today represent a continuous line of descent from the first living cells. 3 Cell Theory Cell size is limited. -As cell size increases, it takes longer for material to diffuse from the cell membrane to the interior of the cell. Surface area-to-volume ratio: as a cell increases in size, the volume increases 10x faster than the surface area 4 Textbook pg. 60 Cell Theory 5 Prokaryotic Cells Prokaryotic cells lack a membrane-bound nucleus. Two types of prokaryotes: -archaea -bacteria 6 Prokaryotic Cells Prokaryotic cells possess -DNA -cytoplasm -plasma (cell) membrane -cell wall -ribosomes -no membrane-bound organelles 7 Textbook pg. 63 Prokaryotic Cells 8 9 Prokaryotic Cells Flagella -present in some prokaryotic cells -used for locomotion 10 Textbook pg. 65 Prokaryotic Cells 11 Eukaryotic Cells Eukaryotic cells -membrane-bound nucleus -cellular functions occur within organelles -cytoskeleton for support 12 Textbook pg. 66 Eukaryotic Cell (animal) 13 Textbook pg. 67 Eukaryotic Cell (plant) 14 Eukaryotic Cell Organelles Nucleus -stores the genetic material (DNA) -surrounded by a nuclear envelope composed of 2 phospholipid bilayers 15 Textbook pg. 68 Eukaryotic Cell Nucleus 16 Eukaryotic Cell Organelles Ribosomes -the site of protein synthesis in the cell -composed of RNA and proteins -free-floating or attached to E.R. 17 Eukaryotic Cell Organelles Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) -attachment of ribosomes to the membrane gives a rough appearance -synthesis of proteins to be secreted, sent to lysosomes or plasma membrane 18 Eukaryotic Cell Organelles Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) -synthesis of membrane lipids 19 Textbook pg. 70 E.R. 20 Eukaryotic Cell Organelles Golgi apparatus -flattened stacks of membranes -packaging and distribution of materials to different parts of the cell -synthesis of cell wall components 21 Textbook pg. 71 Protein transport: Ribosome ER Golgi apparatus Cell membrane 22 Eukaryotic Cell Organelles Lysosomes -vesicles containing digestive enzymes -digest food, destroy worn out organelles and wastes 23 Textbook pg. 72 24 Eukaryotic Cell Organelles Vacuoles -membrane-bound structures There are different types of vacuoles: -central vacuole in plant cells (stores H2O) -contractile vacuoles (rid waste) -vacuoles for storage 25 Eukaryotic Cell Organelles Mitochondria – Site of Cell Respiration -contain enzymes for creating ATP (energy) -contain their own DNA 26 Textbook pg. 74 Mitochondria 27 Eukaryotic Cell Organelles Chloroplasts -organelles present in green cells -contain chlorophyll for photosynthesis -double membrane -chlorophyll contained in thylakoids/grana 28 Textbook pg. 75 Chloroplasts 29 30 Chromoplast -organelles present in some Plant cells -contain color Pigments (Orange - Yellow - Red) - Fruits/Veggies – Fall Leaves 31 Leucoplast - Colorless organelles present in Plant cells -Food storage – e.g. “Starch” in potato cells 32 Cytoskeleton Cytoskeleton -network of protein fibers -supports the shape of the cell -keeps organelles in fixed locations -helps move materials within the cell 33 Textbook pg. 77 Cytoskeleton 34 Extracellular Structures Cell walls -present surrounding the cells of plants, fungi, Bacteria, and some protists -plant and protist cell walls - cellulose -fungal cell walls - chitin 35 Textbook pg. 79 & 82 36 37